Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the seven uses of blood in the body?
- O2 transport from lungs to cells
- CO2 removal from cells to the lungs
- Nutrients and H2O from the guy to the cells
- Hormone and enzymes transported from glands to the cells
- Antibodies to site of infection or Injury
- Distribute heat
- Remove waste from cells to liver and kidneys
What is the function of the circulatory system?
- to transport blood around the body
- Use a network of capillaries
- Arteries blood away from heart to tissues
- Veins return unoxygenated blood from body too heart and lungs
What are the components of blood?
- Plasma 55%
- White blood cells <1%
Explain what is in plasma and how it’s used.
- straw coloured
- composed of serum and fibrinogen
(Other components suspended In this) - 90% H2O, 10% dissolved organic substances
- fibrinogen (fibrous network for blood clots to stem blood loss)
What are the ten dissolved organic substances in blood plasma?
- Amino acids
- Lipids
- Glucose
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Blood proteins
- Urea
- Hormones
- Enzymes
- CO2
Describe the function and features of red blood cells (RBC).
- Carry O2 from the lungs to the tissues
- biconcave (increase surface area to improve O2 exchange)
- O2 bound to haemoglobin = oxyhaemaglobin. (Travels like this around body)
- short life span 3-4months (replaced with new RBC from bone marrow)
- 1/3 of blood in horses is kept in the spleen until needed in exercises
Describe the function and features of white blood cells (WBC).
- larger than RBC but less abundant
- colourless and transparent
- defend against disease
- increase in numbers due to bacterial infection not for viral
- characterised as granulocytes (from the bone marrow) and agranulocytes (from the lymphatic system)
Can you name the different white blood cell types from the granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes - basophils - eosinophil - neutrophil Agranulocytes - lymphocytes - monocytes
Describe the function and features of Platelets.
- Smallest of the blood cells
- originate in the red bone marrow
- short life span 9-11days
- release thromokinase used for clotting blood
- platelets stick together at injury sites
Explain the uses of different blood vessels.
Arteries
- takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
- blood is bright in colour
Veins
- deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs via heart
- blood is dark in colour
Capillaries
- network of thread-like vessels
- thin walled (one cell wide) for easy diffusion
- waste removal
- transfer of O2 and dissolved food to tissues
Tell me facts about the horses heart.
- In the thoratic cavity between the lungs
- 16.2hh heart weight 4 - 5 kg (1% of body weight)
- four chambers
- Encased in sac - pericardium
Describe the heart structure.
- left/right Atrium
- left /right ventrical
- Aorta
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary veins
- superior vena cava
How many beats does a horses heart beat per minute both rest and at maximum exercise?
At rest - 20-30 bpm During exercise - 240 bpm - almost 10x more!
What sort of circulation is it?
Double circulation
- pulmonary circulation
- systematic circulation
Which sides receives oxygenated blood and which side receives unoxygenated blood?
Left side
- oxygenated blood from the lungs
Right side
- deoxygenated blood from Body (pumps to lungs from heart)
