Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the name for blood in organisms without a closed circulatory system?

Answer 1

hemolymph

Question 2

What are the two primary components of blood?

Answer 2

plasma and red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 3

What is blood plasma?

Answer 3

mostly water, with glucose/hormones/ions/gases

Question 4

What are three proteins found in plasma?

Answer 4

albumin, fibrinogen, lipoproteins

Question 5

What makes all the blood proteins?

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

What volume of blood does plasma comprise?

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

What is the most abundant type of cell in blood?

Answer 7

red blood cells

Question 8

Red blood cells are filled with which protein?

Answer 8

hemoglobin

Question 9

What is the only cell in the body to not have a nucleus?

Answer 9

red blood cells

Question 10

What are phagocytes?

Answer 10

things that eat other things, like WBCs do

Question 11

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 11

involved in immunity

Question 12

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 12

B-cells and T-cells

Question 13

What are B-cells?

Answer 13

make antibodies

Question 14

What are antibodies?

Answer 14

markers that bind to foreign things and mark them for destruction

Question 15

Where are blood cells made?

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

What are the two jobs of T-cells?

Answer 16

help B-cells divide/proliferate, kill infected cells

Question 17

How is AIDS dangerous?

Answer 17

kills T-cells which are essential for fighting disease

Question 18

How do platelets work?

Answer 18

convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin for blood clotting

Question 19

What is anemia?

Answer 19

disease caused by insufficient diet of iron and thus insufficient hemoglobin

Question 20

What is agglutination?

Answer 20

clumping of red blood cells

Question 21

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Answer 21

AB type

Question 22

Which blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 22

O type

Question 23

AB can receive blood from which types?

Answer 23

AB, A, B, O

Question 24

AB can donate to which types?

Answer 24

AB

Question 25

A can receive blood from which types?

Answer 25

A, O

Question 26

A can donate to which types?

Answer 26

A, AB

Question 27

B can receive blood from which types?

Answer 27

B, O

Question 28

B can donate to which types?

Answer 28

B, AB

Question 29

O can donate to which types?

Answer 29

AB, A, B, O

Question 30

O can receive from which types?

Answer 30

O

Question 31

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

Answer 31

to recapture some of the fluid that leaks out of capillaries and that does not make it back to heart

Question 32

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 32

system of vessels that begins at the tissues and ends at the veins (right before the heart)

Question 33

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 33

structures that filter the fluid before sending it back to heart

Question 34

What are lymph nodes (essentially)?

Answer 34

just a concentrated area of WBCs

Question 35

What is edema?

Answer 35

swelling in parts of body due to trapped tissue fluid

Question 36

What are lymphatic vessels?

Answer 36

operate in the same mechanism as veins, transporting lymph

Question 37

What are the bottom two chambers of the heart called?

Answer 37

ventricle

Question 38

What are the top two chambers of the heart called?

Answer 38

atrium

Question 39

Which vessel carries de-ox blood from right ventricle to the lungs?

Answer 39

pulmonary artery

Question 40

Which vessel carries re-ox blood from lungs to the left atrium?

Answer 40

pulmonary vein

Question 41

What are the two circuits of blood flow?

Answer 41

pulmonary circuit and the system circuit

Question 42

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 42

right side of heart - pumps blood to lungs for re-ox

Question 43

What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Answer 43

direction of flow of blood from ventricles to atria

Question 44

What is another name for the AV valve?

Answer 44

tricuspid valve?

Question 45

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 45

direction of blood flow from ventricles to pulmonary artery/aorta

Question 46

What is the heart's natural pacemaker?

Answer 46

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 47

The part in which contraction occurs is known as the

Answer 47

systole

Question 48

The part in which relaxation occurs is known as the

Answer 48

diastole

Question 49

What is another name for high blood pressure?

Answer 49

hypertension

Question 50

What kind of heart do fish have?

Answer 50

two-chambered heart with single circuit

Question 51

Which kinds of animals have a three-chambered heart + 2 circuit flow?

Answer 51

amphibians, turtles, snakes, lizards

Question 52

What other organisms have a heart model similar to that of humans?

Answer 52

alligators, crocodiles, birds