Circulatory System

Question 1

Circulatory system contains what 3 things?

Answer 1

1. heart=pump
2. arteries and veins=tubing
3. Lymphatic vessels

Question 2

what does vascular disease cause

Answer 2

obstruction of vessels

Question 3

what do signs and symptoms depend on?

Answer 3

what is obstructed

Question 4

What is arterial disease

Answer 4

obstruction of the arteries is ischema of tissues.

Question 5

what is ischema tissue

Answer 5

not getting enough oxygenated blood

Question 6

what are the 3 forms of arteriosclerosis

Answer 6

1. arteriosclerosis
2. arteriolosclerosis
3. atherosclerosis

Question 7

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 7

physiological problem “hardening of the arteries”

it happens with again, and normal fibrosis of artery walls with age

Question 8

what is arteriolosclerosis

Answer 8

sclerosis of minor arteries and is associated with diabetes mellitis

Question 9

what is atherosclerosis and characteristics

Answer 9

worst because a silent killer

• responsible for most deaths in country
• starts in childhood and progresses to disease
• lesions are called atheroma
• fibro-fatty plaques -can cause sclerosis of artery walls and obstruction of vessel lumen

Question 10

there are no s/s with atherosclerosis and when there are is it too late?

Answer 10

-most times no s/s and when there are its too late bc so much damage is done to the vessels and often is life threatening complications involving major tissues or organs of the body (heart or brain)

Question 11

where is atherosclerosis mostly common? where is another affected area?

Answer 11

in the aorta; coronary arteries along with arteries serving the brain

Question 12

how can you prevent arterial disease?

Answer 12

lifestyle change

change in diet and no smoking

Question 13

what are some potential problems from arterial disease?

Answer 13

heart attack, stroke, aneursym, gangrene of legs, kidney disease

Question 14

what are some environmental factors?

Answer 14

diets rich in fat, smoking, age, sex, and diabetes and mellitus

Question 15

what is an aneurysm

Answer 15

weak spots

-weakening and dilation of a portion of the wall of a BV usually an artery

Question 16

what is affected with an aneurysm

Answer 16

aorta

Question 17

what are the 2 ways of having a stroke

Answer 17

1. bleeding into brain due to aneurysm

2. obstruction of BV=ischemia of brain tissue=death of tissue

Question 18

what is venous disease

Answer 18

obstruction of veins

• swelling and edema of tissues
• varicose veins=abnormal dilation or dilation of veins

Question 19

what is venous disease often associated with

Answer 19

increased BP and with orthostatic hypertension

Question 20

how can you prevent venous disease?

Answer 20

decrease BP, walking

Question 21

what is DVT?

Answer 21

deep vein thrombosis

-blood clotting in veins

Question 22

what can DVT cause?

Answer 22

pulmonary embolism with symptoms like heart attack

Question 23

what is lymphatic disease

Answer 23

same as venous

swelling and edema of tissues

Question 24

what is lymphedema? what does it drain and where?

Answer 24

lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system

-drains intercellular fluid back toward the heart where it can be reincorporated in the blood and pumped out again

Question 25

why is blockage of lymph vessels dangerous?

Answer 25

lymph vessels carry potential cancerous cells | ex: breast

Question 26

heart disease can happen in what 2 ways?

Answer 26

1. rhythm disturbance=no pumping of blood | 2. natural failure of the heart as a pump

Question 27

what is CHF?

Answer 27

congestive heart failure; diminished cardiac stroke volume | -amount of blood that is pumped with each beat of heart

Question 28

what happens with the arterial output, and venous return during CHF?

Answer 28

arterial output is decreased, therefore the venous return is decreased with pooling of blood in extremities -also pooling of blood in legs

Question 29

what is pitting edema? what is it associated with?

Answer 29

press on tissue with finger and leaves dimple reaming in tissue but eventually disappears -associated with CHF

Question 30

2 causes of CHF

Answer 30

1. coronary artery disease | 2. chronic high BP

Question 31

CHF = edema in ____ and ____

Answer 31

legs and ankles

Question 32

what is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea? when does it happen?

Answer 32

- Fit Night Shortness of Breathe | - happens at night when lying down and heart is in the same plane as rest of body

Question 33

consequences of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 33

decreased circulation lungs fill up with fluid shortness of breath bc cells need oxygen

Question 34

what must people do with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea to fix it?

Answer 34

sleep in chair or up right position | get up and walk around to feel better

Question 35

3 forms of coronary HD or ischemic HD

Answer 35

1. myocardial infarction 2. angina pectoris 3. chronic ischemic HD

Question 36

Charachteristics of angina pectoris

Answer 36

- chest pain with exerstion or stress | - partially obstructed coronary vessels cannot provide enough oxygen to satisfy heart muscle

Question 37

is angina pectoris reversible?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

what is used to treat angina? why?

Answer 38

nictroglycerin used to treat bc it dilates vessels - peripheral vasodilation=open BC in arms and legs and decreases BP - decreased BP= decreased work load for the heart muscle

Question 39

what is a myocardial infarction caused by?

Answer 39

atherosclerosis and sudden complete obstruction of the lumen (blood clot)

Question 40

s/s of MI

Answer 40

- shortness of breath - weakness - nausea/vomitting - chest pain/left arm pain - sweating - impending doom

Question 41

treatment for MI

Answer 41

- defibrilater - aspirin - get to hospital

Question 42

why is aspirin used for an MI?

Answer 42

makes blood thinner and less likely to clot

Question 43

where is women's pain usually felt with an MI?

Answer 43

women usually have pain in shoulder or back

Question 44

what is the basic problem associated with pathology of the blood or lymph system?

Answer 44

blockage or obstruction of vessels

Question 45

arterial disease generally produces what pathology?

Answer 45

ischema of tissue

Question 46

venous and lymphatic disease generally produce what pathology?

Answer 46

obstruction of veins/swelling and edema of tissues

Question 47

what is atheroma

Answer 47

lesion from atherosclerosis

Question 48

what vessels are affected most by atherosclerosis

Answer 48

heart and brain

Question 49

factors affecting the liklihood of developing atherosclerosis

Answer 49

heart attack, stroke aneurysm

Question 50

what is an aneurysm

Answer 50

weakening dilation of a portion of the wall of a blood vessel

Question 51

what vessel is commonly associated with an aneurysm?

Answer 51

aorta

Question 52

how does the body attempt to compensate for CHF

Answer 52

heart enlarges and dilates chambers

Question 53

what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 53

shortness of breath at night due to lungs filled with fluid