Circulatory system Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Circulatory system Deck (65)
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1
Q

What does the costocervical trunk supply?

A

The hypaxial and epaxial muscles of the cervicothoracic junction, extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb, the intercostal muscles

2
Q

What does the cranial laryngeal artery supply?

A

Muscles of the larynx and laryngeal muscosa

3
Q

What tendon is the median artery associated with in the carpal canal?

A

The deep digital flexor

4
Q

Where does the median artery supply blood to?

A

The palmar aspect of the manus

5
Q

What is the functional muscle group that the subscapular artery supply to?

A

the retractor of the limb (latissiumus dorsi), flexors of the shoulder joint (deltoideus, teres major), extensors and flexors of the elbow joint

6
Q

What are the four vessels that are given off the external carotid artery before it becomes the maxillary artery?

A

Caudal auricular artery, superficial temporal artery, lingual artery, facial artery

7
Q

What are the components of the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, lymphatic duct (left tracheal duct), vagosympthatic trunk

8
Q

What artery exits the infraorbital foramen and what is its immediate parent artery?

A

Infraorbital artery arises from the maxillary artery

9
Q

What major artery courses through the oval foramen and from what artery does it arise?

A

Middle meningeal artery which arises from the maxillary artery

10
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

A

It is where the great cardiac vein empties blood into the right atrium

11
Q

What is the function of the intervenous tubercle?

A

It diverts blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava toward the right ventricle

12
Q

What is the course of the internal thoracic artery through the thoracic cavity and what arteries does it gives rise to?

A

Gives rise to the ventral intercostal arteries and at the 9/10th costochondral junction it divides into the musculophrenic artery to supply the diaphragm and the cranial epigastric artery, which supplies the abdominal muscles and the mammary tissue

13
Q

Name the three major branches of the celiac artery and the organs they supply?

A

Splenic artery- left lobe of the pancreas, spleen, and stomach
Hepatic artery-liver, gall bladder, stomach, duodenum, right lobe of pancreas
Left gastric artery-stomach and esophagus

14
Q

Where does the vagus nerve travel?

A

Through the diaphragm with the esophagus through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

15
Q

What major artery supplies the cecum and from what artery off the aorta does this artery arise?

A

Middle colic artery which arises from the cranial mesenteric atery

16
Q

What muscles are supplied by the deep circumflex iliac artery?

A

Sublumbar muscles, caudal part of flank region and cranial aspect of thigh

17
Q

What tissues do branches of the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

A

descending colon and rectum

18
Q

is there a corresponding artery with the lateral saphenous vein?

A

No, but there is one with the medial saphenous vein

19
Q

What are the two major branches and their targets of the deep femoral artery?

A

Pudendoepigastric trunk, inguinal region, caudal mammary glands, floor of the abdomen
Medial circumflex femoral artery-medial group muscles of the thigh region

20
Q

What muscles do the cranial tibial artery supply?

A

Craniolateral group muscles of the crus

21
Q

Indicate the course o fan antibiotic given orally from the site of absorption to the target organ, the kidney.

A

Absorbed in the small intestine ->cranial and caudal mesenteric veins->hepatic portal vein->hepatic vein->caudal vena cava->right atrium->right ventricle->pulomanary arteries->pulmonary veins->left atrium->left ventricle->aorta->renal artery->kidney

22
Q

The atrioventricular valves close preventing backflow of blood into?

A

The atria during diastole and filling

23
Q

Arteries are blood vessels that?

A

Lead away from the heart

24
Q

Blood supply to the liver, spleen and stomach is carried in?

A

Celiac artery

25
Q

The right subclavian artery supplies?

A

Oxygenated blood to the right fore limb

26
Q

Lymph from the lower half of the body drains into?

A

Cisterna chyli

27
Q

What are the major lymphatic organs?

A

Tonsil, spleen, and thymus

28
Q

The main blood supply of the brain in dogs is?

A

The internal carotid arteries

29
Q

The main blood supply of the brain in cats is?

A

Branches of the maxillary artery

30
Q

Which part of the intestine has a blood supply on both its mesenteric and antimesenteric borders?

A

Ileum

31
Q

The blood supply to the bladder is via what arteries?

A

internal pudendal and umbilical arteries

32
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

It is located obliquely in the middle mediastinum

33
Q

Where does the apex of the heart face?

A

It is ventrocaudal and more toward the left side

34
Q

Where does the base of the heart face?

A

It is dorsocranial and more towards the right side

35
Q

What covers the heart?

A

Pericardium

36
Q

What is the layer of inner pericardium that reflects on to the heart at the base and covers its exterior?

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium (epicardium)

37
Q

What happens during pericarditis?

A

There is a fluid increase in the pericardial cavity that could be due to infection or penetrating wounds from sharp objects from the stomach. It increases the intra-pericardiac pressure on the heart and decreases cardiac output

38
Q

Is the heart connected to the sternum?

A

NO!! At the apex of the heart a phrenico-pericardiac ligament that is formed of the pericardium connects to the sternum and the diaphragm

39
Q

How far does the mediastinum extend?

A

It extends from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm.

40
Q

What contains the lungs?

A

The pleural sacs contain the lungs (not the pleural cavity

41
Q

What is hydrothorax?

A

It is excessive pleural fluid that is secreted by the serous membrane in the case of pleuritis. It occurs in the pleural cavity

42
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

it is air due to to stab wounds at the cupulae pleura or lungs. It occurs in the pleural cavity

43
Q

Where does hemothorax occur?

A

It occurs in the mediastinum that normally extends into the pleural cavity due to punctured mediastinal pleura/e.

44
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

It contains the heart, major blood vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatics, nerves, longus colli muscle, esophagus and trachea

45
Q

How is the position of the heart in the cat different from that of the dog?

A

the heart is more horizontal and can be auscultated from both sides

46
Q

Where are the borders of the heart in the dog?

A

It extends from the 3rd rib to the caudal border of the 6th rib (in some breeds 7th rib)

47
Q

Where can the heart be auscultated at in dogs?

A

between 3rd and 5th intercostal spaces

48
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

It is the area of the heart and the pericardium that is not covered by the lungs, it is present on the right side of the dog

49
Q

Where is the cardiac notch on the cat?

A

It is present on both the right and the left sides.

50
Q

Why is it a good thing that the ventral borders of the lobes of the lungs are thin in all species?

A

This makes this area useful for cardiac palpation and auscultation

51
Q

What is the auricular surface of the heart?

A

It is the part of the heart that faces the left thoracic wall (includes the left and right auricles, entire left atrium, and the greater part of the left ventricle and a part of the right ventricle on the left side)

52
Q

What is the atrial surface of the heart?

A

It is the part of the heart that faces the right thoracic wall and it contains the right atrium and the greater part of the right ventricle and a part of the left ventricle that is visible from the right side

53
Q

What is the purpose of the grooves on the heart?

A

They demarcate the relative boundaries of the chambers of the heart

54
Q

Does the paraconal interventricular groove reach the apex of the heart?

A

No

55
Q

What is the location of the subsinusoidal interventricular groove?

A

it is indistinct and lies below the large coronary sinus where the great cardiac vein opens that runs in the coronary groove on the right side.

56
Q

How many chambers does the heart consist of?

A

Four- two atria (receive blood), two ventricles (pump blood)

57
Q

What separates the atria internally? The ventricles?

A

The inter-atrial septum, the inter-ventricular septum

58
Q

What is they systole?

A

When the ventricles contract so the barometer shows a higher reading

59
Q

What is the diastole?

A

When the ventricles relax and the barometer shows a lower reading

60
Q

What demarcates the interventricular septum externally?

A

the paraconal interventricular groove on the left and the subsinusoidal interventricular groove on the right

61
Q

Where is the right atrium located?

A

dorsocranial to the right ventricle

62
Q

Where does the right atrium receive venous blood from?

A

The cranial and caudal vena cava, the heart itself via the coronary sinus, and the azygous vein

63
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein open?

A

below the opening of the caudal vena cava in the right atrium

64
Q

What is the main chamber of the atrium?

A

Sinus venarum cavarum

65
Q

On what side is the right auricle visible?

A

On the left