Circulatory System

Question 1

Blue Blood on a Diagram is:

Answer 1

Deoxygenated Blood going towards the heart and lungs from cells.

Question 2

Red blood on a diagram is:

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood pumped towards tissues to deliver oxygen.

Question 3

Blood returns to the heart through the ________

Answer 3

Superior and interior vena cava

Question 4

The 4 chambers of the heart are:

Answer 4

The right/left atria
And
The right/left ventricles

Question 5

The valve(s) that separate the atrium and ventricle is:

Answer 5

The atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 6

Pulmonary means:

Answer 6

Lungs

ex. The pulmonary arteries/veins connect the heart to the lungs

Question 7

Arteries

Answer 7

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

• Elastic connective tissue (outer/inner layers)
• Smooth muscle (middle)

Smaller but elastic, you can feel your heartbeat.

Question 8

The largest artery in the body

Answer 8

Aorta

Question 9

Blood story starting at the superior/interior vena cava:

Answer 9

Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Atrioventricular valve -> Right Ventricle -> Semilunar valve -> Left/Right pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> Left/Right pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Atrioventricular valve -> Left ventricle -> Semilunar valve -> Aorta -> Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries -> Tissues -> Venuoles -> Veins

Question 10

Atheriosclerosis (aka Heart Disease)

Answer 10

Excess fat is deposited on the walls of arteries (plaque).

• Narrows blood vessels
• Decrease area for blood to flow
• High blood pressure

Can cause blood clots

Question 11

Define myocardial infarcation

Answer 11

A heart attack

Question 12

Site of fluid &gas exchange

Answer 12

Capillaries

Question 13

Veins

Answer 13

Carry deoxygenated blood from cells toward the heart.
Blood flow depends on:
-Valves (one-way)
-Skeletal muscle contraction

Question 14

Aneurysm

Answer 14

Bulge that forms in the wall of a weakened blood vessel (usually arteries)

• Eventually ruptures
• Less oxygen/nutrients delivered to cells -> cell death

Aneurysm leads to internal bleeding
-in the brain can cause strokes

Question 15

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 15

Vessels that carry blood to/from the lungs.

Question 16

Systemic Circulation

Answer 16

Vessels that carry blood to/from the body.

Question 17

Myogenic muscle

Answer 17

A muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation. (ex. Heart)

Question 18

Pericardium

Answer 18

Fluid filled membrane surrounding the heart

Question 19

Septum

Answer 19

Muscles that separate the right and left side of the heart. (Divider)

Question 20

Characteristics of atria and ventricles

Answer 20

Atria:
-Thin walled

Ventricles:
-Thick walled (for contraction)

Question 21

Vasoconstriction

Answer 21

Narrowing of blood vessels
-decreases blood flow to tissues

Increases blood flow when there is low blood pressure

Question 22

Vasodilation

Answer 22

Widening of blood vessels
-increases blood flow to tissues

Usually during exercise

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 23

Regulates the diameter of arteries through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 24

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 24

Located in the right atrium

• acts as the pacemaker
• sets heart rate ~ 70 beats per minute

Question 25

Diastole

Answer 25

Relaxation of heart - relaxed atria fills with blood - contracts, forces AV valves to open - blood flows to ventricles - AV valve shuts (LUBB sound)

Question 26

Systole

Answer 26

Contraction of the heart - blood rushes out of heart - decreased pressure causes SL valve to shut - SL valve shuts -> DUBB sound

Question 27

Heart murmurs

Answer 27

Occurs when valves do not close completely (left AV valve especially susceptible to defects) Produces a gurgling sound

Question 28

Superior/Interior Vena Cava

Answer 28

Carries deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart.

Question 29

Right Atrium

Answer 29

Collects deoxygenated blood from vena cava.

Question 30

Left atrium

Answer 30

Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

Question 31

Coronary Artery

Answer 31

Supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and heart muscles.

Question 32

One Way Valves

Answer 32

- direct blood towards the heart | - do not allow blood yo flow back in other direction

Question 33

Skeletal Muscles in veins

Answer 33

- Pressure in veins increase when muscles contract | - muscle contraction > reduces vein diameter > pressure in vein increases > valve opens > blood flow towards heart

Question 34

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 34

- located in R atrium | - Acts as conductor, passing nerve impulses

Question 35

Heart Beat Pathway

Answer 35

1. Set by sinoatrial (SA) node 2. Contractions travel to AV Node 3. Nerve impulses travel via Purkinje fibres > septum > ventricles