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Circulatory System > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Blood = connective tissue

55% -> plasma (matrix)

45% -> formed elements

Formed elements
-> made of cells + cell fragments

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2
Q

Plasma

A
  • water (over 90%)

- proteins in plasma are soluble

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3
Q

Formed Elements

A
  1. ) erythrocytes
    - transport oxygen and co2
  2. ) leukocytes (white blood cells)
    - immune
  3. ) thrombocytes
    - blood clotting
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4
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • 99.9% of all of the formed elements
  • biconcave disc (pushed in)
  • anucleate
  • contains hemoglobin

Sickle cell anemia

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5
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A
  • when hemoglobin releases oxygen, the hemoglobin changes shape
  • cells lose biconcave shape (because erythrocytes are mostly hemoglobin)
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6
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • less that 0.1% of all of the formed elements
  • have a nucleas

Two types:

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

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7
Q

Granulocytes

A

Cells have visible granules in cytoplasm

a. ) neutrophils
- 65% of all leukocytes
- small blue/purple granules
- segmented nucleas

Pic in notes

b. ) eosinophils
- 3% of all leukocytes
- large red granules
- bilobed nucleas

Pic in notes

c. ) basophils
- less than 1% of all leukocytes
- bilobed nucleas
- a lot of large blue/purple granules

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8
Q

Agranulocytes

A

No visible granules in cytoplasm

a. ) lymphocytes
- 25% of all leukocytes
- round nucleas with a thin layer (halo) of cytoplasm going around it

b. ) monocytes
- 7% of all the leukocytes
- large cells
- nucleas is “U” shaped or kidney shaped

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9
Q

Study tip

A

Leukocytes study tip

…phil (ending) -> have granules

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10
Q

Leukemia

A

A lot of leukocytes

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11
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Less than 1% of all formed elements

Not cells -> cell fragments

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12
Q

Agglutinogen

A

Antigen or erythrocyte

A, B, Rh

Only A -> type A -> anti B / trans. -> A,O

Only B -> type B -> anti A / trans. -> B,O

A + B -> type AB -> neither / trans. A,B,AB,O

Neither -> type O -> anti A & B / trans -> O

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13
Q

Agglutinins

A

Agglutinins = antibody in plasma

Two types:

  • anti A
  • anti B

Don’t want same anti body as antigen

Agglutination -> anti a binds a erythrocytes together (not good)

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14
Q

Rh

A

If erythrocyte has a Rh agglutinogens
-> +

If erythrocyte does not have Rh agglutinogens
-> -

You will only make anti Rh agglutinins if you are a Rh- person who has been exposed (sensitized) to Rh+ blood

Unconscious person -> give O- blood

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15
Q

Types of blood vessels

A

Artery

Vein

Capillary

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16
Q

Blood vessels

A

Artery
-> carries blood away from the heart

Vein
-> carries blood to the heart

Capillary
-> site of exchange

17
Q

Layers of a blood vessel wall

A
  1. Tunica Intima (tunica interna)
    - innermost layer
  • simple squamous epithelium
    - > endothelium
  • endothelium sits on basement membrane
  1. Tunica Media
    - middle layer of artery + vein
  • smooth muscle
  • elastic connective tissue
  1. Tunica Externa (tunica adventitia)
    - outermost layer
  • loose connective tissue
18
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Inflammation of a blood vessel wall

-> causes lipids to begin to build up in the wall of the blood vessel

19
Q

Circuits

A
  1. Pulmonary
    • > heart to lungs
  2. Systemic
20
Q

Heart

A

In pericardial cavity

  • pericardium cavity
  • visceral pericardium (touches heart)
  • parietal pericardium (outer layer of serous membrane)
21
Q

Layers of heart wall

A
  1. Endocardium
    - lines the chambers of the heart
    -> endothelium
    (simple squamous)
    (sits on areolar CT)
  2. Myocardium -> cardiac muscle
  3. Epicardium
    - same as visceral pericardium
    (simple squamous)
    (sits on areolar CT)
22
Q

Deoxygenated blood returning from systemic circuit via systemic veins

A

Superior + Inferior Venae Cavae

 -> dump into

Right atrium

  • thin myocardium
    • > pectinate muscled
    -> into

Tricuspid Valve

 -> into

Right ventricle

  • thin cardium
  • cusps of the valve
    • > choardae tendinae
      - > papillary muscles
      - > trabaculae carnae (raised ridges)
    -> into

Pulmonary semilunar valve

 -> into

Pulmonary trunk
-splits into two BV’s

  ->

Pulmonary arteries (2)

    ->

Lungs

23
Q

Oxygenated blood returning from pulmonary circulation

A

Lungs

->

Pulmonary veins (carry oxygenated blood)

-> into

Left atrium

  • thin myocardium
  • smooth internal wall-> into

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

 -> into

Left ventricle

  • only chamber with thick myocardium*
  • cusps of valve
    • > chordae tendinae
      • > papillary muscles
        • > trabaculae carnae
    -> into

Aortic semilunar valve

 -> into

Aorta
-splits into..

  • > all systemic arteries
    - > body

(Restart from previous card beginning)

24
Q

Electrical conduction system

A
  1. ) sinoatrial (SA) node
    - top of right atrium
    - contains pacemaker cells
  2. ) internodal pathways
    - in walls of atria
  3. ) atrioventricular (AV) node
    - top of interventricular septum

—————> atria contract

  1. ) Bundle of his
  2. ) Bundle branches
    - both interventricular septum
  3. ) pukinje fibers
    - in walls of ventricles

——————> ventricles contract

25
Q

Electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

A

P wave

  • atrial depolarization
  • SA -> AV node

Artria contact

QRS Complex

  • ventricle depolarization
  • AV node -> purkinje fibers
  • atrial repolarization -> atria relax

Ventricles contract

T wave
- ventricular reploarizarion

Ventricle relaxes

Circulatory System (1 decks)

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