Circulatory System

Question 0

Pulse

Answer 0

A change in the diameter of the arteries following heart contractions

Question 1

Artery

Answer 1

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

A degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall

Question 3

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

A group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity

Question 4

Aneurysm

Answer 4

A bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery

Question 5

Vein

Answer 5

A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

Question 6

Septum

Answer 6

A wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart

Question 7

Pulmonary Circulatory System

Answer 7

The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 8

Atrium

Answer 8

A thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from veins

Question 9

Ventricle

Answer 9

A muscular thick-walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries

Question 10

AV Valve

Answer 10

Atrioventricular valve; a heart valve that prevents the back flow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium

Question 11

Semilunar Valve

Answer 11

A valve that prevents the back flow of blood from an artery into a ventricle

Question 12

Aorta

Answer 12

The largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood to the tissues

Question 13

Coronary Artery

Answer 13

An artery that supplies the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients

Question 14

Myogenic Muscle

Answer 14

Muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation

Question 15

SA Node

Answer 15

Sinoatrial node; a small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

Question 16

AV Node

Answer 16

Atrioventricular node; a small mass of tissue in the right atrioventricular region through which impulses from the sinoatrial node are passed to the ventricles

Question 17

Purkinje Fibre

Answer 17

A nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

Question 18

Diastole

Answer 18

Relaxation (dilation) of the heart, during which the atria fill with blood

Question 19

Systole

Answer 19

Contraction of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of the heart

Question 20

Cardiac Output

Answer 20

The amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute

Question 21

Stroke Volume

Answer 21

The quantity of blood pumped with each beat of the heart

Question 22

Sphygmomanometer

Answer 22

A device used to measure blood pressure

Question 23

Lymph

Answer 23

The fluid found in lymph vessels that contains some proteins that have leaked through capillary walls

Question 24

Lymph Node

Answer 24

A mass of tissue that stores lymphocytes and removes bacteria and foreign particles from the lymph

Question 25

Lymphocyte

Answer 25

A white blood cell that produces antibodies

Question 26

Spleen

Answer 26

A lymphoid organ that acts as a reservoir for blood and a filtering site site for lymph

Question 27

Thymus

Answer 27

A lymphoid organ in which T lymphocytes mature

Question 28

Plasma

Answer 28

The fluid portion of the blood

Question 29

Erythrocyte

Answer 29

A red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen

Question 30

Anemia

Answer 30

The reduction in blood oxygen due to low levels of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production

Question 31

Leukocyte

Answer 31

A white blood cell

Question 32

Platelet

Answer 32

A component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting

Question 33

Antigen

Answer 33

A substance, usually protein, that stimulates the formation of an antibody

Question 34

Antibody

Answer 34

A protein formed with the blood that reacts with an antigen

Question 35

Agglutination

Answer 35

The clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe

Question 37

Macrophage

Answer 37

A phagocytic white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen and liver

Question 38

T Cell

Answer 38

A lymphocyte, manufactured in the bone marrow an processed by the thymus gland, that identifies and attacks foreign substances

Question 39

B Cell

Answer 39

A lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies

Question 40

Receptor Site

Answer 40

A port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit

Question 41

Helper T Cell

Answer 41

A T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens

Question 42

Killer T Cell

Answer 42

A T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cells by puncturing cell membranes

Question 43

Suppressor T Cell

Answer 43

A T cell that turns off the immune system

Question 44

Memory B Cell

Answer 44

A B cell that retains information about the shape of an antigen