CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Major Blood Vessels & The Heart

Question 1

What does the subclavian ARTERY do? Where is it located? de02 or O2

Answer 1

Carries blood from Aorta to chest wall and arms. Below the clavicle
O2

Question 2

What does the subclavian VEIN do? Where is it located?

deO2 or O2

Answer 2

Carries blood from upper extremities to heart.
Lymphatic vessels join the circulatory system at S.C Vein before returning to heart.
Below clavicle
deO2

Question 3

What does the carotid ARTERY do? where is it located?

deO2 or O2

Answer 3

Carries blood from heart to the head.
near surface of skin
O2

Question 4

What does the Jugular VEIN do? where is it located?

deO2 or O2

Answer 4

Carries blood from head to heart due to gravity.

deO2

Question 5

What do mesenteric ARTERIES do? Where are they located?

deO2 or O2

Answer 5

Supplies blood to the Small intestine. O2

Question 6

What does the superior vena cava do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 6

Largest vein in body
carries blood from upper body to heart
deO2

Question 7

What does the inferior vena cava do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 7

Largest vein in body
carries blood from lower body to heart (right atrium)
deO2

Question 8

What does the pulmonary ARTERY do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 8

carries deO2 blood from the heart to the lungs

in the heart

Question 9

What does the pulmonary VEIN do? Where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 9

Carries O2 from lungs back into heart (left atrium)

Question 10

What does the hepatic VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 10

carries DeO2 blood from the liver to the heart via inferior vena cava

Question 11

What does the hepatic PORTAL VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 11

-transports blood rich nutrients from the small intestines to the liver
-capillary beds on both ends
O2

Question 12

What does the renal ARTERIES do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 12

Transports O2 blood from the heart to the kidneys

Question 13

What does the renal VEIN do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 13

Transports deO2 blood from the kidneys to the heart via the inferior vena cava

Question 14

What does the Iliac ARTERIES do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 14

Transports O2 blood from the heart to the legs

Aorta branches into 2 iliac arteries for each leg

Question 15

What does the Iliac VEINS do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 15

Returns deO2 blood to the heart via inferior vena cava

Question 16

What does the Coronary arteries/veins do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 16

1st branch of the heart muscle
feed the heart muscle 
blue=vein
red=artery
deO2 goes back into right atrium via vena cava

Question 17

What does the Aorta do? where is it located? deO2 or O2

Answer 17

biggest artery

carries O2 blood from the heart (L.V) to the body systems

Question 18

What is the myocardium?

Answer 18

muscle tissue heart is made of

Question 19

What is the pericardium?

Answer 19

double membrane sac that surrounds the heart

Question 20

What does pericardium fluid do?

Answer 20

Lubricates between membranes to prevent friction

Question 21

where does the right side of the heart pump blood? Left side?

Answer 21

RIGHT- pumps deO2 to the lungs to be oxygenated via the pulmonary arteries
LEFT- pumps O2 blood from the lungs back into the body systems

Question 22

What is the atria of the heart?

Answer 22

the receiving chambers
left and right atrium (above ventricle)
RIGHT- receives deO2 from the body via vena cava
LEFT- receives O2 from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

Question 23

What is the atrioventricular valves/what do they do?

Answer 23

Separate the atria from ventricles
open when atria contracts
prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 24

What keeps the AV valve from inverting when the ventricle contracts?

Answer 24

Chordae tendineae

Question 25

What are the ventricles?

Answer 25

pumping chambers Left and right ventricle (below Atrium) when right atrium contracts, blood gets pushed from AV valve into right ventricle

Question 26

Describe what happens when the right ventricle contracts

Answer 26

When R.V contracts, the blood pressure forces the AV valve closed, and the semi-lunar valve open for the blood to move into the pulmonary trunk

Question 27

What happens at the lungs?

Answer 27

pulmonary arteries push deO2 blood into lungs where the CO2 is removes and replaces with O2 Pulmonary veins then take O2 blood back to heart (left ventricle)

Question 28

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 28

The protein hemoglobin tightly bound to O2 | carries O2 to body cells

Question 29

What does the septum do?

Answer 29

Muscular wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left keeps deO2 blood from mixing with O2 blood

Question 30

What happens at the left ventricle?

Answer 30

left atrium contracts and blood goes through AV valve and into Left ventricle Left ventricle contracts and AV valve is forced closed blood then enters aortic semi-lunar valve and into aorta

Question 31

Flow of blood through heart?

Answer 31

Vena cava--right atrium--right AV valve--right ventricle--pulmonary semi-lunar valve-- pulmonary trunk--pulmonary artery--lungs--pulmonary vein--left atrium-- left AV valve--left ventricle-- aortic semi-lunar valve-- aorta--body

Question 32

What is a Sinoatrial node? Where is it found?

Answer 32

found along wall of right atrium stimulates contraction of the atrium sends nerve impulse to AV node initiates heart beat(pacemaker)

Question 33

What is the atrioventricular node? Where is it found?

Answer 33

found in right atrium close to AV valve receives impulse from SA node, and fires to contract the large ventricles -sends the message through purkinje fibres causing ventricles to contract

Question 34

Summarize the electric cardiac cycle

Answer 34

- brains sends electrical impulse to the right atrium - SA node receives message and sends message for both atria to contract - impulse travels to AV and down long nerve fibres (purkinje fibers) - ventricles contract (atria at rest) - heart rests

Question 35

Systole= | Diastole=

Answer 35

S=heart muscle contraction | D= heart muscle relaxation

Question 36

What is an electrocardiogram? EKG

Answer 36

record of electrical impulse measured across the surface of heart

Question 37

How is the brain involved with the heart?

Answer 37

Regulates heartbeat and tells heart when to speed up or slow down SA node is connected to the brain by the vagus nerve

Question 38

What are the 2 types of nerves in the brain that control the heart/how do they work?

Answer 38

1.parasympathetic nerve- regulates normal activities (during rest) 2.sympathetic nerve- fight or flight it will speed up or slow down heart when necessary automatic response

Question 39

Systolic Pressure?

Answer 39

blood pressure when ventricles are contracting, Blood being forced through arteries HIGH BP

Question 40

Diastolic pressure?

Answer 40

blood pressure as ventricles refill / are relaxed | LOWER BP

Question 41

Explain the BP changes throughout the body?

Answer 41

BP is highest at the aorta falls through the arteries disappears in capillaries very low in veins (thus need for valves)

Question 42

Hypertension vs hypotension

Answer 42

``` hyper= high bp hypo= low bp ```

Question 43

What factors affect Blood pressure (7)

Answer 43

Vessel size- bigger=lower BP blood viscosity- thicker blood= higher BP vessel elasticity- more elastic= lower BP blood volume- sweat lots=less volume/water= lower BP cardiac output-higher heart rate=higher BP age- younger=lower BP stress- stress=constricted vessels=high BP