Circulatory systems Flashcards
(47 cards)
Translocation
circulation in plants
plant stem
primary organ of transport in the plant
Vascular bundles
run up and down the stem of the plant
fibrovascular bundle
at the center of the stem contains xylem, pholem and cambium cells
Xylem
thick walled cells located on the inside of the vascular bundle. They carry water minerals up the plant and their thick walls give the plant its rigid support.
sapwood
the outer layer of the xylem that is alive
two types of xylem cells
vessel cells and tracheids
transpiration pull
as water evaporates from the leaves of plants a vacuum is created that pulls water up the stem
capillary action in plants
any liquid in a thin tube will rise due to the surface tension of the liquid and the interactions between the liquid and the tube
root pressure
water entering the root hairs exerts a pressure that pushes the water up the stem
Pholem
cells that are thin walled on the outside of the vascular bundle. They usually transport nutrients (esp carbs) down the stem. they are living and include sieve tube cells and companion cells
cambium
cells that are two layers thick, actively dividing, undifferentiated cells that give rise to xylem and pholem. the cells near the pholem produce pholem cells and near xylem to xylem cells.
layers of plant outside to inner
epidermis (outer bark), cortex, pholem, cambium, xylem and pith (tissue involved in the storage of nutrients and plant support)
Root
functions to absorb materials through the root hairs and anchor the plant. Some roots provide energy reserves. contains same layers as the stem
Root hairs
specialized cells of the root epidermis with thin walled projections. they increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals from soil.
circulation in protazoans
movement of gases and nutrients is accomplished by simple diffusion within the cell
cnidarians circulation
do not need a circulatory system. all cells are in direct contact with either the internal or external environment
arthropods circulation
open circulatory system is which blood is in direct contact with the body tissues. the blood is circulated primarily by the body movements. blood flows through the dorsal vessel and sinuses where exchange occurs.
annelids circulation
earthworms use a closed circulatory system, blood is confined to blood vessels, blood moves toward the head in a dorsal vessel, which functions as the heart with contractions. the aortic loops connect the dorsal vessel to ventral to act as additional pumps.
functions of circulatory systems in humans
blood transports various nutrients, O2 to tissues and removes wastes and CO2 from tissue, platelets are involved injury repair and leukocytes are the main component of the immune system
transport of O2 by erythrocytes
erythrocytes transport O2 throughout the circulatory system and there fore the body. It is the hemoglobin molecules in erythrocytes that bind to O2
one important role of CO2 in body
to be a reactant for the bicarbonate buffering system
bicarbonate buffering system
in this system CO2 combines with H2O to make H2CO3. the critical part of the system if that carbonic acid dissociates into HCO3- and H+ which helps assist as a buffering system to accommodate many pH imbalances in the body.
the action of transport of nutrients and waste in the blood
amino acids and simple sugars are absorbed into the blood stream at the intestinal capillaries. they are then processed and transferred where metabolic waste products diffuse into capillaries then delivered to excretory organs
