Cirrhosis Flashcards
(29 cards)
Cirrhosis is…
diffuse degeneration and destruction of hepatocytes.
Causes of cirrhosis
chronic hepatitis C alcoholism nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis bile duct disease drugs and chemical toxins gallbladder disease cardiovascular disease
Portal hypertension…
increase in pressure in the portal vein.
Ascites…
capillary congestion leads to plasma leaking directly from the liver and portal vein into the hepatic capillaries.
Esophageal…
varices.
Decreased absorption of fat souble vitamins such as…
vitamin K, which helps make clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X the client will bleed.
Portal systemic encephalopathy…
end stage.
Altered level of consciousness, neurological symptoms, impaired thinking, neuromuscular disturbances.
Increased ammonia in the blood may cause this.
Hepatorenal syndrome…
renal failure associated with hepatic failure.
Decrease in urine output, elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, decreased urine sodium excretion, increased urine osmolarity.
Provide supplemental vitamins such as…
B complex, vitamin A, C, K, folic acid, thiamine.
May give a high protein diet if…
no ascites, edema, and coma are present.
Restrict sodium and….
fluid.
Weigh client and measure…
abdominal girth.
Fetor hepaticus…
fruity, musty breath odor
Asterixis…
tremor with rapid, nonrhythmic extensions and flexions in the wrist and fingers
Lactulose…
decreases bowel pH, decreases ammonia production, helps ammonia excretion
Antibiotics…
inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and decreases the production of ammonia.
Meds such as opioids,
sedatives, and barbiturates need to be avoided.
Nodules in the liver…
block bile ducts and normal blood flow.
Postnecrotic hepatitis
caused by viral hepatitis C
Compensated cirrhosis
organ can still perform essential functions
decompensated cirrhosis
obvious signs and symptoms of liver failure
Hepatitis B and D
most common cause of cirrhosis
Early s/s of cirrhosis…
fatigue
significant change in weight
anorexia/vomiting
abdominal pain and liver tenderness
s/s of alcohol withdrawal
confusion anxiety tachy HTN diaphoresis
