Cit Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is a model?
A representation (physical or abstract) of a system, object, or concept used to understand and analyze its behavior.
Define modelling.
The process of creating abstract, conceptual, or mathematical representations of systems to study their behavior.
What is simulation?
A technique (not a method) for experimenting with a model to understand how a system behaves over time.
What is modelling & simulation?
Is a discipline used to develop a level of understanding of the interaction of part of a system or system as a whole
Define a computer model.
A simulation or model of a situation in the real world or an imaginary world which parameters a user can alter
State three objectives of simulation studies.
Describe a current system, explore hypothetical systems, and design improved systems.
List the steps in modelling.
Examine the real situation, Extract essential features, Construct model, Experiment, Derive conclusions, Refine if needed, Implement.
Why are models used instead of real systems?
To save cost, avoid risk, and test scenarios that are impractical or impossible in reality.
What are physical models?
Iconic representations like model cars or buildings used to study real-world behavior.
What are mathematical models?
Abstract models using equations to predict or project system behavior.
What are analogue models?
Use analogies, e.g., electric currents to represent system flow.
Define simulation models.
Use random numbers to emulate real system behavior under assumed conditions.
Define heuristic models.
Rule-based models using intuition or futuristic predictions.
Define deterministic models.
Models with fixed and known variables and outcomes.
Define stochastic models.
Models with uncertain variables involving probability.
What is a random number?
A number that shows no consistent pattern with numbers in a series and are not affected by presiding numbers nor predictable from it
What is the Congruential Method?
generate random numbers by computing the next random numbers from the last random numbers obtained
What is the Mid-Square method?
Squares the number, extracts middle digits, repeats. Rarely used due to degeneration.
What is the RND function in BASIC?
Generates pseudo-random numbers between 0 and 1. Use RANDOMIZE to vary the seed.
Name 3 methods of generating random numbers.
Quadratic Congruentual method , mid square method , mid product method
What is the Monte Carlo method?
Is a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain their results.
Key application areas of Monte Carlo?
Risk analysis, physics, engineering, Business and finance, Games, telecommunications.
Difference between Monte Carlo and What If analysis?
Monte Carlo uses random sampling; ‘What If’ uses fixed scenarios.
What is a Monte Carlo algorithm?
An algorithm of computers used to simulate the behavior of other systems
