cities Flashcards
historical negatives to living in cities: health issues, water quality and sanitation issues, high crime and death rates
urban penalty
benefits associated with living in cities due to high density and networks
urban opportunities
increased opportunity associated with higher density populations: wage and wealth increases, education opportunities, more social opportunities, lower per capita infrastructure, energy use, and CO2 emissions
economies of scale
makeshift cities with informal property ownership, inadequate services, and high poverty rates, home to 1 billion people globally
slums
original slums, city clusters around factories providing housing for low wage workers
tenements
spread of development from the urban center, lower population density, common in the US, Canada, Australia, and parts of Europe
urban sprawl
cluster of suburbs and cities
metropolitan area
distinct areas for distinct purposes, not walkable, make up suburbia
one use zones
dwelling units per acre, and floor to area ratio
measures of land use
increased permeable surfaces, inefficient transportation and emissions, health issues due to less activity, longer commutes, higher per capita energy and water use
negatives of sprawl
gov protection from bank defaults, mortgage tax reductions, federal aid highway act
factors leading to sprawl starting in the 1940s
barred racial or ethnic groups from owning or renting property, tied to the deed
restrictive covenants
red lines drawn around “bad” neighborhoods, FHA denies mortgages in these neighborhoods
redlining
guidelines to shape the future of urban areas
urban planning
need to operate at the local and regional scale
planners dilemma
