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Citizenship Paper 2 Revision > citizen participation > Flashcards

citizen participation Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are some opportunities and barriers to citizenship participation?

A

Opportunités-politics, local community , wider community and serving as a magistrate

Barriers-busy lives , lack of interest , lack of awareness

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2
Q

Indirect and direct action
What is it ?
Examples ?

A

Direct action-when people try achieve political goals themselves eg campains boycotts strikes

Indirect action-when people try to influence politicians to act for them eg voting lobbying pressure groups

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3
Q

Why do people contribute to society?

A

Concern about making a difference
Personal experience
Influence from culture or religion
Ambition

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4
Q

Why people don’t participate in politics ?

A

Lack of interest
Physical obstacles eg time
Lack of knowledge
Feel like their voice will not make a difference

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5
Q

How can we improve voter engagement

A

Make voting compulsory
Citizenship education
Make voting more convenient
Improve relationships with politicians

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6
Q

What is Digital democracy

Advantages
Disaadvantes

A

It’s the use of technology to engage voters into politics

Makes voting easier and more accessible
High security is needed

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7
Q

Improving participation through social media

-
+

A

Messages can be targeted to voters
Shares and likes help send a message

Fake news can confuse voters
Politicians need to be careful on what they post

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8
Q

Name 2 non democratic and democratic countries

A

Non-north Korea and Syria

Demo-Norway Sweden

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9
Q

Democratic and non democratic features

A

Demo- free and fair elections ,freedom of expression,most citizens can vote and stand for election, free press

Non-no free press , has dictators ,no rule of law, can be punished for criticism

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10
Q

What are public serves and examples

A

They include schools hospitals courts

Funded through the government and are staffed by paid workers

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11
Q

What are charités and voluntary groups

A

They allow citizens to volunteer their time and skills

Work to support a cause in society and make no profit

Aim to raise awareness and funds to create a change
Eg Oxfam wateraid

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12
Q

Interest and pressure groups

A

Interest groups -people that share a common interest that may or may not be political

Pressure groups -interest groups that put pressure on the government to adopt policies to help the issue that they care about or influence public opinion

They can be local national or even international

They hold the government to account by spreading power and influence throughout society

Insider pressure groups consult the government for expert info eg the British medical association

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13
Q

What are trade unions?

A

Trade unions act on the behalf of workers
They provide workers a voice and represent their interests to their employers

Eg they protect workers right ,pay and conditions

they can represent at a tribunal or use collective bargaining

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14
Q

Working together to use power and influence

A

It’s much easier to improve society by working together

When citizens pool their efforts they can increase their power and influence on politicians and public opinion

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15
Q

rights in the workplace

A

a contract of employment
a minimum wage
protection from discrimination
higher national living wage
health and safety

these can be protected by negotiation representation and support

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16
Q

the media
what is free press

A

the media has a role in influencing and informing the public

free press means the media can report without government sensorship

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17
Q

why may the government need limit freedom of press

A

the government may need to sensor certain bits of the press for reasons like national security or to maintain public order

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18
Q

rights of the media

A

freedom of expression is a human right

the media can criticize governments without being punished

media can make sure businesses and politicians are not breaking the law

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19
Q

press regulator

A

regulation is important to set out the medias responsivities

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20
Q

the leverson enquiry

A

followed criticism of the media due to a lack of respect to a family with a missing child

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21
Q

reasons why sensorship may occur

A

to protect our national security
respect court case restriction
protect people rights

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22
Q

public opinion

Study These Flashcards
A

the views people hold on that issues that effect our lives and community

23
Q

government and those in power

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A

government itself is concerned about shaping public opinion

political parties employ spin doctors-media experts who tailor their messages to maximize the effectiveness

24
Q

the eu

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A

aims-to encourage co-operation on issues like peace security trade and the environment and social issues between countries

uk joined in 1973 and left in 2016

has 28 member countries
-european commision,parliment,council of ministers and court of justice

25
the council of europe
aims-promote human rights ,democracy and rule of law set up in 1949 to rebuild and maintain peace uk was a founding member and permanent representative cant make binding laws but can enforce international agreements
26
benefits and drawback of being in the eu (free trade)
the eu is a trade free area meaning there are no expensive border checks companies in these countries have access to a market of over 500 million people competition in this market helps keep prices low for consumers -members are obliged to give preferential treatment to other members
27
benefits and drawback of being in the eu (FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE )
eu regional funds provide financial support for the regeneration of depressed areas and outdated infrastructure -members have to pay into the eu to fund all of the operations
28
benefits and drawback of being in the eu legislation
the eu has contributed to peace since ww2 there is cooperation across borders on fighting crime people living in the eu can live ,work,travel in any eu state -members of the eu enforce arrest warrants for citizens of other countries eu had primary
29
setting standards for consumer rights
traders must provide clear info for consumers consumers are protected by product liability directive
30
The un
It’s a international organisation Set up in 1945. To avoid another war 193 member countries Upholds international law and delivers humanitarian aid Promotes sustainable development
31
What are some sub bodies of un
The human rights council-uphold human rights The world food programme -helps get aid to countries in disaster UNICEF-helps children over the world
32
Functions of the un
Maintain international peace and security Protect human right Deliver aid Uphold international law
33
NATO
Set up in 1949to defend Western Europe Aims to guarantee freedom and security of members by military and political means
34
The commonwealth
Made up of countries that were once in the British empire The king is the head Promotes economic social and sustainable development Supports democracy peace
35
World trade organisation
International organisation that deal with trade between countries Set up in 1995 Puts in rules on how countries do trade with each other Aims to make trade free and open
36
Free press
Media not controlled or censored by government censorship
37
What is the press regulator called
Indépendant press standards organisation
38
What’s is the least used way to resolve international conflict
Humanitarian aid
39
Benefits and drawback of the uk being in the un
The uk can count on assistance from other members in case of disaster The uk has financial assistance from the world bank -the uk has to pay a mêmber ship fee Contribute troops
40
Benefits and drawbacks of the uk being in nato
Uk military can share expert knowledge with other countries to help win in conflict Working together with like minded countries can help improve security -Uk is commîtes to send troops over to serve under command Uk is committed to spend 2% of its budget on nato
41
Benefits an drawbacks of the uk being in commonwealth
The uk benefits from strong connections with other countries The uk can rely on support from other members if attacked -the uk pays into the commonwealth The uk has to uphold peace and democracy
42
Benefits and drawback of the uk being in the world trade org
Trade is smoother as all the countries know the rules and stick to them It helps to resolve trade disputes -Membership involves a commitment to avoid barriers to trade The uk can not be biased in any trade
43
International court of justice
The icoj settles legal disputes between member nations of the un
44
Humanitarian intervention
Where countries act to tackle the abuses of human rights in another country
45
NGOs
Bodies not run by the government Not profit Might be charities wateraid oxfam,unicef or save the children they can work with governments dont take sides in conflict
46
How resource impact ngo
They heavily relie on funding from the public can work with governmental organisations
47
Mediation
Involves bringing together different sides from a dispute Aimed to find a negotiated solution Neutral third party All sides must be heard
48
Sanctions
Penalties for breaking rules in international situations Put pressure in sides Eg not letting a sell goods Ban on selling military equipment Expelling The countries diplomats
49
Force
Force is last resort Eg military Supplying equipment And setting up no fly zones
50
UN Security Council
Not a government and doesn’t make laws Has representatives from all countries who vote on key isssues If there is conflict then they discuss what actions to take
51
what are the genva conventions ?
they are a set of key agreements in international humanitarian law they are accepted by most countries and set out the rules of war
52
what is international humanitarian law
the rules set out between countries that protects the human rights of citizens during war
53
international criminal court
set up in 2002 in netherlands independant from the un hears the most serious cases eg genocide only when national courts cant deal with a case

Citizenship Paper 2 Revision (1 decks)

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