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1-Chemistry Exam 4 > Citric Acid Components > Flashcards

Citric Acid Components Flashcards

1
Q

How does the citric acid cycle generate energy?

A

Oxidation of Acetyl CoA

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2
Q

How much energy is yielded from Glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

2 NADH

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3
Q

How many H+ ions are released with each glucose molecule?

A

20 tied to NADH); 4 during glycolysis, 4 during Pyruvate oxidation; 16 during citric acid cycle

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4
Q

What is the only part of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen?

A

Electron Transport Chain

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5
Q

Does the glycolysis stage require oxygen?

A

does NOT require oxygen, albeit inefficient and low yield of energy)

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6
Q

Pre Kreb Cycle: What does glucose (6 carbon molecule) generate? How many carbons are present in the compound?

A

Two Pyruvate (3C compound)

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7
Q

Pre Kreb Cycle: What process converts glucose to pyruvate?

A

Glycolysis

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8
Q

What is pyruvate oxidized into? How many Carbons are present?

A

Acetyl CoA (2C compound)

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9
Q

What is generated from the oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA (2)?

A

This reaction generates a molecule of CO2 and Molecule of NADH

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10
Q

What does Acetyl CoA form with to continue the citric acid cycle? How many carbon compounds?

A

Oxaloacetate (4C compound)

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11
Q

What does Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate form? How many carbons?

A

CITRATE (6C compound)

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12
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate?

A

Citrate synthase

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13
Q

What is citrate isomerized to form?

A

Isocitrate

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14
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of citrate and Isocitrate?

A

Aconitase

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15
Q

What is isocitrate oxidized to form? How many carbon?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate (5 C molecule)

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16
Q

What is generated from the OXIDATION of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (2)?

A

NADH (converted from NAD) and CO2

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17
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of Isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

18
Q

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase? What impact does it have on the Kreb cycle?

A

Increase levels of ATP and NADH can inhibit isocitrate dehydrogensase slowlying the cycle down because they cell has enough energy

19
Q

What increases isocitrate dehydrogenase? What impact does it have on the Kreb cycle?

A

ADP and increase Ca2+ increases the enzyme causing the cycle to speed up

20
Q

What is generated from alpha-ketoglutarate? How many carbon compounds?

A

Succinyl COA (4 C)

21
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate AND Succinyl COA?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

22
Q

What is generated from Succinyl CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate (2)?

A

NADH (NAD)

23
Q

What are the required cofactors of Alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

Thiamine (B1), lipoic acid, Coenzyme A (B5/pantothenate), FAD+ (B2/Riobflavin) and NAD+ (B3/niacin)

“Trex Loves & Cares for Nachos”

24
Q

What is Succinyl CoA converted to?

A

Succinate

25
Q

What is the enzyme that converts Succinyl CoA and succinate?

A

Succinyl COA synthase

26
Q

What is formed from the conversion of Succinyl CoA and succinate?

A

Molecule of GTP (GDP + phosphate) is generated

27
Q

What is Succinate converted to?

A

fumurate

28
Q

What is the enzyme that converts succinate and fumurate?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

29
Q

What is formed from the conversion of fumurate and succinate?

A

Molecule of FADH2 is generated by QH2

30
Q

What is fumurate converted to?

A

malate

31
Q

What is the enzyme that converts malate and fumurate?

A

Fumrase

32
Q

What is formed from the conversion of fumurate and malate?

A

H2O

33
Q

What is malate converted to?

A

oxaloacetate

34
Q

What is the enzyme that converts malate and oxaloacetate?

A

malate dehydrogenase

35
Q

What is formed from the conversion of oxaloacetate and malate?

A

NAD converted to NADH

36
Q

How many NADH molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total NADH molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

A

3 molecules of NADH= 9 ATP

6 NADH

37
Q

How many FADH molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total FADH molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

A

1 molecule of FADH =2 Atp

2 FADH

38
Q

How many GTP molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total GTP molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

A

1 gtp = 1 ATP

2 GTP

39
Q

How many CO2 molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? What is the total CO2 molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

A

2 X CO2

4 CO2

40
Q

How many ATP molecules are generated per acetyl CoA?

A

12 ATP molecules

41
Q

How many ATP molecules are yielded in the citric acid cycle?

A

24 ATP

42
Q

What molecules are fed to the electron tansport chain (2)?

A

NADH and FADH2

1-Chemistry Exam 4 (8 decks)

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