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Anglais spé > CIV BR : POP AND SOCIAL CLASS > Flashcards

CIV BR : POP AND SOCIAL CLASS Flashcards

1
Q

GB : Population Growth : From the Domesday Book to 1700

A

11th Cty : 1.5/1.75 million
mid 14th Cty: 3 million
End of the 17th Cty : 5.5 million

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2
Q

The 18th century - consistent growth
( numbers evolution)

A

6.7 million in 1760 to 8.8 million in 1801 ( fst census )

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3
Q

The 19 century : population explosion why and until when ?

A

the birth rate continued to rise until about 1875

> > massive rise in economic activity&raquo_space; average age of marriage 30 to 23 years

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4
Q

Number of pop in 1921 and children/death rate in beg 19th ?

A

1921: 44 million

30/1000 children in 1901 > 16/1000 chld in 1931
16/1000 death rate in 1931
So pop decline

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5
Q

pop growth 1942-64 and associated with ?

A

Population decline halted by “ baby bulges “ of 1942/47 and 1955/64 .
Associated with a decline in infant mortality + revival of early marriages + welfare state

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6
Q

The 21st century - faster growth (population and change why ?)

A

pop 3rd largest in the EU
fastest growing with a 0.6% annual increase
BC nat change + net migration (343 mk in 2015 / 226mk in 2019 )

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7
Q

Pop growth 1900/1942 reasons ?

A

Bc incresed consumerism / emergence of leisure / changing spiritual and social perspectives = new family form helped control the rapid population growth

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8
Q

Why pop increase end of the 18th Cty and 19th Cty ?

A

population stronger and better diet + communications revolution + better quality clothing and hygiene + buyant economic atmosphere encouraged earlier marriage

> > lower death rate / birth death bc improvements in medical knowledge

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9
Q

Where was the most populat area of Britain in 1700 ?

A

In the south (line Worcestershire to Norfolk)

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10
Q

What were the biggest towns outside London in 1700 ?

A

Bristol 40k / Norwich 28k / York 12k

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11
Q

How the center of gravity of the population shift during the 19th centuries ?

A

From the south and east to the midlands and north

(Birmingham / Sth Wales / Sth Lancashire )

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12
Q

Gravity of the pop shift associated with in 19th Cty ? (eco)

A

Rise of heavy industry and textile trade relied on steam for its source of power .

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13
Q

New towns become metropolises with this textile industry ?

A

Birmingham / Wolverhampton / Manchester / Leeds / Bradford / Huddersfield

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14
Q

Turn of the 19th Cty , drift to the Nth countered by :

A
  • diminushing importance of coal
  • new light engineering firms began etablished themselved place better suited to their market
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15
Q

Where was the new sunrise industries of the late 1920’s and 1930’s and why ?

A

In the home countries area of the South East of England (1/3 of BR pop )
BC good communication and proximity London/EU

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16
Q

England pop now

A

56 million

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17
Q

Scotland pop now

A

5.5 million

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18
Q

Wales pop now

A

3.1 million

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19
Q

Northern Ireland pop now

A

1.8 million

20
Q

3 most populated urban area now

A

Greater London (9.8 mili )
Greater Manchester (2.5 mili )
Birmingham/West Midlands coonurbation ( 2.3 mili )

21
Q

White and minorities percent now

A

81% white british pop (decrease)
14 % ethnic minorities (increase)

22
Q

Proportion of britain pop over 65 between 1945 and now :

A

5% to 18 %

23
Q

ratio who those in work will have to generate enough out-put to support the aging pop ?

A

“Old age Dependency Ratio “ (OADR)

24
Q

Why life expectancy continues to track inequality ?

A

25-year gap between the wealthiest and the poorest in society

25
Q

immigrants 16th and 17th Cty

A

Dutch and Flemish after the outbreak of anti-protestant persecution . (40k in 1685)

26
Q

Immigants start of the 19th Cty

A

Irish immigrants who where fleeing famine and hunger.

27
Q

Immigrants in the 1930’s

A

People who fled Nazi persecution

28
Q

Immigrants : period after 1951

A

Immigration reach a peak with the large net inflows of mainly Indian , Pakistani , East and West African and West Indian immigrants .

29
Q

George Orwell on Britain and social class

A

“most class-ridden country under the sun”

30
Q

E.P Thompson two separate strands in the formation of class ( early 19th )

A

“conditionning and agencing “

-by the changes in society and economy
-shared experience of struggle which finds strenght in a common unity

31
Q

middle class turn at the 18th ( number of functions )

A

tenant farmers /lawyers/doctors/clergy/journalist

32
Q

19th century population numbers

A

1861: 29 million
1881 : 35 million

33
Q

quote about pop explosion in 19th Cty

A

” one of the most dramatic demographic movements of this millennium “

34
Q

1951 and 1981 population ?

A

1951: 50 million
1981 : 56 million

35
Q

pop growth since mid 1960’s and why ?

A

Since mid 1960’s&raquo_space; pop has levelled off and growth has been slow down
BC&raquo_space; “modernization”

36
Q

Ex in London showing that life expectancy is link with wealth

A

Ex: women in whealty Richmond , West London living to an average of 72y / women in poorer Tower Hamlets 54y .

37
Q

Part of population born abroad now ? And who ?

A

14% of UK pop born abroad (Polish residents 831mk /India 795mk)

38
Q

By who was governed Britain up to the last quarter of the 19th Cty ?

A

It’s landed aristocracy

39
Q

Who was the landed aristocracy ?

A

Men of substantial wealth whose power derived from hereditary primogeniture and the ownership of land .

40
Q

By what aristocratic power began to be replace in the late 19th Cty ?

A

Plutocracy - the rule of the wealthy

41
Q

4 Factors of decline for aristocracy :

A

-expansion of the electorate (1885)
-rise of organised political parties
-Land Acts
-confrontation btw Lloyd George and the HofLd in 1909/10

42
Q

How call we the new class that becoming after the “embourgeoisement” of 1950/60’s ?

A

“new working class” become “ middle class” in cultural and political behaviour

43
Q

In what year began the end of social mobility and the freezing of class differences ?

A

1979

44
Q

In what class have we more geographical variation in accent and dialect ?

A

The lower social classes

44
Q

Percent of schoool-leaving pop moving in higher education today and in 1970 ?

A

38% against 10% in 1970

45
Q

For pessimist what are the claims to social justice and equal opportunity ?

A

They are mere rhetoric

Anglais spé (2 decks)

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