Civics And Citizenships Flashcards
(29 cards)
Preparation of bill
For bill become law, needs approval by Parliament and governor-general
First reading
Person producing bill provides copy of draft and other MPs read bill in own time
Second reading debate
Debate
Third reading
House of representatives votes on bill. If successful, passes to senate
Senate
Bill passed lower and upper houses until agreed changes in bill
Governor-general
reviews and approves law by giving royal assent
Judges sentence people based on common law
Made by precedent
Bill
Proposed law
Common law
Judge makes ruling about case that isn’t covered by statutory law
Civil law
Protects individuals rights and property
Crime
Act that breaks existing law, punishable by law
Laws
Legal rules designed to govern ppl behave
Statutory laws
Laws made and passed by Parliament
Precedent
Previous case/example used for making decision when similar circumstances arise
Plaintiff
Party commences civil action against another party
Defendant
Person accused of a crime
Criminal law
Protects innocent from wrongdoers and punishes offenders
Indictment offences
Serious crimes (murder, armed robbery)
Summary offences
Less serious crimes (speeding, shoplifting)
Standard of proof
Level of evidence to establish proof in criminal/civil case
Adversarial system
2 parties present their case to independent person/group
H
Y
Burden of proof
Responsibility to prove evidence in court
G
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