Civics EOC Study Guide Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
citizen
A
A member of a community and owes loyalty to the government and is entitled to its protection. Enjoys rights, responsibilities and obligations.
2
Q
natural born citizen
A
Born within 50 states; U.S. territory; U.S. military base
3
Q
naturalized citizen
A
Must be 18, live in U.S. for 5 years, must pass citizenship test, oath to uphold Constitution
4
Q
law of blood
A
A person’s nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
5
Q
law of soil
A
A person’s nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
6
Q
suffrage
A
the right to vote
7
Q
U.S. citizen responsibilities
A
things a citizen SHOULD do such as: vote, volunteer, attend civic meetings…
8
Q
U.S. citizens obligations (duties)
A
Must Do: Pay taxes, obey laws(ordinances), serve on jury, defend the nation (selective service)
9
Q
selective service
A
Men ages 18-25 must register to serve our country
10
Q
popular sovereignty
A
Government receives the power from its people
11
Q
Magna Carta
A
Established Limited government and trial by jury
12
Q
Mayflower COmpact
A
Purpose was to establish a government with rules. Self- Government for the new world.
13
Q
English Bill of Rights
A
Ended the struggle between the Nobles (Parliament) and the King. Gave more power to citizens.
14
Q
Enlightenment
A
Shaped the Declaration of Independence. New thoughts on government and life.
15
Q
John Locke
A
Enlightenment thinker who believed that governments should serve the people. Thomas Jefferson referred to when listing the natural rights of “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” in the Declaration of Independence.
16
Q
Social Contract
A
An agreement among people in a society with a government. People follow rules, government protects people’s rights. People agree to overthrow a bad government
17
Q
Montesquieu’s
A
Ideas about power in government are referred to as the separation of power. Three branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial
18
Q
French & Indian War
A
Colonists wanted more land westward. Britain sent troops to help win the war. King George felt the colonists should have to repay war costs and forbade them to expand into old French territory. Taxing of the colonists increased.
19
Q
Stamp Act 1765
A
Tax on every piece of printed paper; legal documents, licenses, newspapers etc.
20
Q
Townshend Act 1767
A
Placed new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper
21
Q
Tea Act of 1773
A
Required colonists to buy tea only from the British East India Company. Colonists response: Boston Tea Party
22
Q
Intolerable Acts 1774
A
-Quartering Act: Required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers
-Also included: closing Boston Harbor until ruined tea was paid for and made town meetings illegal.
23
Q
First Continental Congress
A
Sent a letter to King George asking him to respect the colonists’ rights as British citizens. Organized a boycott of British goods and banned trade with Britain.
24
Q
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
A
The 1776 publication moved colonists to declare independence from England.
25
Second Continental Congress
Fighting between colonist and British had begun. Approved the Declaration of Independence
26
Tyranny
Cruel governement
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Declaration of Independence
Document declaring colonies independence from King and England. Free from the tyranny of the King.
28
Grievances
Listed in Declaration of Independence to prove colonists had good reason to rebel. Taxation without representation, no trial, quartering troops.
29
Articles of Confederation
First constitution. Confederal government. Government created was too weak. Could not tax. No executive branch. No power to regulate trade. No national court system. Changes required consent of all states
30
Shay's Rebellion
Event that exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
31
Constitution Convention
Delegates met in Philadelphia to fix Articles. Decided to start new Constitution with stronger national government
32
Federalist Papers
These writings helped persuade some states to ratify the United States Constitution.
33
Anti-Federalists
Against Constitution until Bill of Rights added. Wanted fundamental citizen rights
34
Ratification
To approve
35
U.S. Constitution
Written plan of government. Supreme Law of the Land
36
Supremacy clause
Federal laws prevail over state laws.
37
Rule of Law
All citizens must obey Constitution as supreme law of the land
38
Preamble
First paragraph of the Constitution listing the six goals of the government
39
"for, a more perfect union"
to unite the states so they can act as one
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"establish justice"
to make sure all citizens are treated equally
41
"Insure domestic tranquility"
to provide peace and order/protect from harm
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"provide for the common defense"
Army/Navy
43
"promote the general welfare"
help people live healthy and happy lives
44
"secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves & our Posterity"
to guarantee the basic rights now and in the future
45
Elastic Clause
Allows flexibility to Constitution/ allows Congress to stretch the its power
46
Checks and Balances
System in which each branch of government is able to check the power of the others. Each branch of government can restrain the other branches
47
Examples or Checks and Balances
President veto bills. Congress can override veto. Judicial Branch nullify laws. Senate must confirm Presidential nominations. Senate accepts or refuse Presidential made treaties. Congress can impeach President.
48
Electoral College
Group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
49
Separation of Powers
Powers of national government are divided among branches of government
50
Ex post facto law
A law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed
51
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why the person is being held
52
Bill of Attainder
A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court
53
Gerrymander
An oddly shaped election district designed to increase the voting strength of a particular group
54
Legislative branch:
Article I. Makes laws. Led by Congress. 2 houses (house of Representatives & Senate)
55
Executive branch:
Article II. Enforces the law. Lead by the President.
56
Judicial Branch:
Article III. Interpret the laws.
57
1st Amendment
Freedoms of religion, speech, press; right to assemble and petition government
58
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
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3rd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers in homes during peacetime
60
4th amendment
No unreasonable searches or seizures; "right to privacy"
61
5th Amendment
Due Process/ No double jeopardy / self-incrimination /eminent domain
62
6th amendment
Right to a jury/fair & speedy trial / right to counsel (lawyer)
63
7th amendment
Right to jury trial in civil cases involving $20 or more
64
8th amendment
No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail
65
9th amendment
People not limited to rights stated in the Bill of Rights
66
10th amendment
Powers not given to national government are reserved to the States and People
67
13th amendment
Abolished slavery
68
14 amendment
Establishes citizenship; provides equal protection to all citizens
69
15th amendment
Suffrage regardless of race
70
19th amendment
Suffrage for women
71
24th amendment
Prohibits poll tax (was a tax on voting to prevent minorities to vote)
72
26th amendment
Lowered the voting age to 18 (Vietnam war)
73
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Bans discrimination based on gender, race, color, religion and national origin
74
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Provided for equal housing regardless of race, creed, or national origin
75
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Literacy tests prohibited.
76
Marbury v. Madison
Established judicial review for the Supreme Court. Can override and nullify other laws
77
Plessy v. Ferguson
Allowed segregation (separation) of the races. "Separate but equal"
78
Brown v. Board of Education
Stated segregation no longer allowed. "Segregation is inherently unequal"
79
Tinker v. Des Moines
Upheld right of students to wear black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War as freedom of speech
80
Hazelwood v. Khulmier
Allowed school administration to censor content of student newspaper
81
Gideon v. Wainwright
Right to legal counsel even if cannot afford one
82
Miranda v. Arizona
Suspects must be informed of their rights at time of arrest
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United States v. Nixon
Rule of Law applies to all, even Presidents
84
In re Gault
Extended due process rights to juveniles
85
DC v. Heller
Court ruled in favor of Heller saying that citizens had the right to defend themselves at home. The amendment does not pertain only to militias. Local governments cannot ban guns but can control their licensing.
86
Bush v. Gore
Gore was initially declared winner, but then Bush was announced winner Recount was requested by Gore, but stopped by the Supreme Court in a 5- 4 decision. Bush became president. Serves as a precedent for future matters regarding electoral politics
87
Political parties
U.S. has a two party system. Disagree on role and responsibilities of government.
88
interest groups
Group of people who share a point of view and promote the issue. Influence political parties
89
Lobbyists
Represent interest groups and contact lawmakers hoping to influence their policy making.
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Democrat
Prefer more government involvement, liberal. Pay for education
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Republican
Prefer less government regulation, conservative. Reduce taxes for businesses
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party platform
Series of statements describing the party's core beliefs and its positions on various issues.
93
political ads
Not always trustworthy since they are designed to convince you to vote for a candidate and may not show all sides on an issue
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third parties
Often bring attention to social issues but lack money
95
watchdog
Media organization that exposes illegal practices or waste. The opposing party makes sure the party in office does not abuse its power.
96
Propaganda
Media that uses carefully-crafted messages to manipulate people's actions.
97
Bias
an unfair preference for or dislike of something (showing preference to one side)
98
Symbolism
the use of something to represent something else (i.e., Flag represents the USA)
99
National power: enumerated powers (expressed)
-Powers directly given to the national government.
-Coin money/declare war/maintain military
100
Concurrent powers
-Powers shared by both national and states
-Collect taxes/establish courts/enforce laws/ borrow money
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State power: Reserved
-Powers reserved to the states
-Conduct elections/marriage laws/vaccines/establishes public schools
102
Local Government
Provides fire protection, trash collection
103
Local government:
-Cities, towns, villages
-led by a mayor
104
U.S. Constitution
* 1st constitution of nation
* 7 articles
* Bill of Rights added as first 10 amendments
* Is a Broad framework of government
* Establish state government
* Does NOT establish public education
* Allows for amendments but does not require regular reviews
105
Florida's Constitution
* 6th constitution in Florida's state's history
* 12 articles
* Begins with Declaration of Rights (similar to the us Bill of rights)
* Contains many specific provisions, such as provisions regarding a state lottery, conservation, transportation, and smoking in the workplace
* Establishes local governments (towns, cities, & counties)
* Establishes public education
* Requires a commission to review the constitution every 20 years for proposing changes
106
U.S. Constitution & Florida Constitution:
Both guarantee individual freedoms/Both have three branches of government/Both have bi-cameral Congress
107
Constitutional law
Covers interpretations of the powers of the federal government, disputes between the branches of government, disputes between the federal government and states, and the scope of the rights protected by Constitutional amendments.
108
Criminal law
Law designed to punish those who commit crimes. In criminal cases, the government prosecutes the accused.
109
Civil law
Law designed to resolve disputes between private parties and compensate victims.
110
Military law
Law that covers crimes committed by members of the armed forces.
111
Representative democracy:
Government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf. (United States)
112
Republic form of government:
A representative democracy in which citizens choose their lawmakers. (United States)
113
Absolute monarchy
Form of government in which the leader is an all-powerful king.
114
Autocracy
A single individual run government. Autocrats often come to power through control of the military. Citizens have almost no rights.
115
Constitutional monarchy
Form of democracy because the government has a constitution which allows citizens' rights and responsibilities. Power of the king/queen is extremely limited and Parliament runs the government.
116
Oligarchy
A small group of elites runs the state.
117
Socialism
System in which government owns some factors of production and distributes the products and wages. Idea is for everyone to be equal. It is easily corrupted.
118
Communism
Dictatorship of one party. Government owns all. No private ownership of property
119
Federalism
Power is divided between states & national government. (United States)
120
Unitary System
Government with centralized power. Colonies under British War. Ex. Dictatorship, monarch
121
confederal government
Powers strong in the states and less in the central authority. Ex. America's first government after Revolutionary War: Articles of the Revolution
122
Foreign Policy:
International Conflicts
123
Foreign policy
Overall plan for dealing with other nations. Goals of foreign policy: national security, build trade, promote world peace and advance democracy around the world.
124
World War II
1941 - Germany, United States, British, Japan and other countries. Initially in World War II, the United States kept a neutral stance. Nazi Germany was getting more and more territory, and England was losing. Lend-and- Lease Act: President Roosevelt provided aid to Britain by lending U.S weapons and military aid to any government "that would be vital (important) to the defense of the U.S". U.S enters WWII when Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (in Hawaii) Italy and Germany surrendered, but Japan did not. The use of the new weapon, Atomic bomb, on Nagasaki and Hiroshima caused Japan to surrender
125
Korean War
1950 -Countries Involved in the Korean War: United States, Soviet Union, North Korea and South Korea, and Republic of China. After the end of WWII, the Allied Powers (United States, England and Soviet Union) stripped Japan of its colonies which included the Kingdom of Korea. Korea was split into two parts: North Korea and South Korea, however this division was supposed to be temporary. The United States went to prevent the spread of Communism. Led to a permanent division of North and South Korea, and a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea
126
Vietnam War
Vietnam War
1954-1973-Countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam, and United States. North Vietnam which became communist and South Vietnam which was non-communist. America has been fighting wars against communism, and felt that if one country became communist then all countries would do the same, one-by-one (Domino Theory)Tensions in the United States began to rise as protests about the war and images of the war began to turn people against the war. North Vietnam, South Vietnam and United States called for a cease-fire (truce). American soldiers returned home. [Connection to the 26th Amendment and Tinker v Des Moines]
127
Bay of Pigs Invasion
1961- Fidel Castro overthrew leader Batista in Cuba and US government and CIA tried to invade Cuba with CIA trained Cuban exile army. The invasion was a failure and 114 were killed and 1,100 were taken prisoners
128
Cuban Missile Crisis
1962- Fidel Castro allowed Communist Soviet Union to install nuclear-armed missiles 90 miles from US shores.. President Kennedy enacted a blockade and told Soviets to remove missiles and they would remove US missiles from Turkey. Stand off took 13 days. Brink of nuclear war.
129
Vietnam War
1954-1973 North Vietnam taken over by Ho Chi Minh (communist) who wanted to unite the North and the South. He attacked the South and Americans came in to help stop the spread of communism. War lasted until 1973 with communists taking over in 1975.
130
Iran Hostage Crisis
1979- Iran students stormed a US embassy and took 60 American hostages to stop American interference in Irani affairs. President Carter tried diplomacy and failed and tried to send a rescue mission. The mission failed and killed 8 soldiers. Carter lost presidency and hostages were released in 444 days.
First
Gulf War/Persian Gulf War
1990- Iraqi leader Saddam
131
First
Gulf War/Persian Gulf War
1990- Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait and demanded that his country's debt be erased. Nations condemned the invasion but Hussein refused to back down. US sent in troops and war lasted 42 days. Hussein escaped.
132
Second
Gulf War/Iraq War
2003- US and Britain invaded Iraq & quickly defeated Iraqi troops. However, President Bush claimed Iraqis had weapons of mass destruction and support of terrorists groups led US asking Iraq to have UN led inspections for the weapons. Hussein refused and US invaded again. He was captured, jailed, tried, and executed. US then occupied until 2011.2003- US and Britain invaded Iraq & quickly defeated Iraqi troops. However, President Bush claimed Iraqis had weapons of mass destruction and support of terrorists groups led US asking Iraq to have UN led inspections for the weapons. Hussein refused and US invaded again. He was captured, jailed, tried, and executed. US then occupied until 2011
133
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Addresses issues of trade
134
United Nations (UN)
Works to keep peace among nations. They support social progress; fight poverty; protect human rights
135
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Association: removed most trade barriers between United States, Canada and Mexico
136
Created as President Kennedy challenged students to make a difference in the world
Created as President Kennedy challenged students to make a difference in the world
137
World Health Organization (WHO)
Works to improve health for all people; ended smallpox and river blindness
138
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Works to improve the lives of children around the world
139
International Red Cross
Gives aid to people who are victims of war or natural disasters
