Civics Exam Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Identify the original 13 colonies
A
The original 13 colonies included Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia.
2
Q
The Declareation of Independence proclaimed the inalienable rights of?
A
Life, Liberty, and Pursuing Happiness
3
Q
The Declaration of Independence listed which major grievance (s) against Parliament?
A
(1) Taxes w/o consent, (2) Denial of a Fair Trial, (3) Forcing to House Troops in peacetime, (4) Power Abuses, (5) Trade Obstruction
4
Q
What agreement ended the American Revolution?
A
The Treaty of Paris on September 3rd, 1783
5
Q
The United State Constitution was adopted in _____________
A
June 21st, 1788
6
Q
What is the “supreme law” of the land?
A
The United States Constitution
7
Q
The Constitution, as designed by the Founding Fathers, establishes a ___________ form of government
A
A Federal Democratic Republic
8
Q
The Federalist Papers were written for what purposes?
A
To influence the creation of the Constitution
9
Q
The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the constitution for what reasons?
A
10
Q
The Northwest Ordinance has what major impacts, and was authored by ___________?
A
The Northwest Ordinance created July 13th, 1785, divided the northwest territory into 3-5 states, developed a method for states to join the union, and created a bill of rights.
11
Q
By dividing power between the national and state governments, the constitution establishes a __________ form of government
A
Federalist
12
Q
The first ten amendment to the Constitution are called the __________
A
Bill of Rights
13
Q
How many times has the United States Constitution been amended?
A
27 amendments, 10 of which are the bill of rights
14
Q
What rights are protected by the First Amendment?
A
Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and the right to petition
15
Q
The ____________ Amendment states that powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the State by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people.
A
10th Amendment
16
Q
Powers that are shared by the federal and state government, like collecting taxes are known as?
A
Concurrent powers
17
Q
Established by the 26th amendment, citizens must be ____________ years of age to vote in national electrons.
A
18 years old
18
Q
With two houses, the United States Congress is described as_________
A
A Bicameral Legislature
19
Q
There are __________ United States Senators
A
A total of 100 Senators, 2 for each state.
20
Q
At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that slaves would be counted as ________ of a person for the purpose of determining population for representation in the House of Representitives?
A
3/5ths
20
Q
There are ______________ members in the United States House of Representatives
A
No more than 435
21
Q
The terms of a United States Senator is ____________ years.
A
Six Years
22
Q
The terms of a United States Representative is _____________ year
A
Two-years
23
Q
The President is the head of the ________ branch of government
A
Executive
24
Officers in the ___________________ advise the President and are conformed by the Senate
Cabinet
25
The term of the President of the United States is _____________ years
4-years
26
Defined by the twenty-second amendment, the Constitution limits the President from serving more than ____________- terms in office.
2-terms
27
Which United States President unsuccessfully proposed that the United States join the League of Nations after WW1?
Woodrow Wilson
28
Franklin D. Roosevelt's Presidency was marked by what major events?
-New Deal
- WWII
-Pearl Harbor
29
Which President ran on a platform supporting "trickle-down economics" as a way to rebuild the American economy?
Ronald Reagan
30
There are _______________ Justices on the Supreme Court of the United States
Nine Total, One Chief Justice, Eight Associate Justices
31
Who appoints all federal judges?
Nominated by the President
32
What body confirms the appointment of all federal judges?
The Senate
33
The federal judiciary has _________ tiers
Three. District, Circuit, and Supreme.
34
The Supreme Court provides a statement of legal reasoning behind its decisions in written __________
A Court Opinion
35
The first African American Justice appointed to the United State Supreme Court was?
Thurgood Marshal (1967)
36
The interment Japanese-American citizens of the United States was supported by the United States Supreme Court in the 1944 case of ________
Korematsu v. United States
37
In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court made what ruling?
Made the "Separate but Equal" doctrine
38
In the 1954 case of Brown vs. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court declared what?
The supreme court declared that separating children in public school on the basis of race was unconstitutional.
39
In the 1967 Supreme Court case of Loving vs Virginia, the court overturned what law?
Loving vs Virginia overturned state laws banning the marriage between multiracial couples.
40
The Era of Good Feelings, between 1815 and 1825 can be described by what characteristics?
a.) Foreign Policy
b.) Nationalism
c.) Sectionalism
41
What were the major outcomes and political impact of the Mexican War?
a.) Mexico was stripped of land
b.) Southern border of US was created
c.) Contributed to the California Gold Rush
d.) Tensions rose over extending slavery
e.) Displaced indigenous populations
f.) Transcontinental Railroad progression
42
The Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution (13th, 14th 15th) together did what?
Abolished Slavery,guaranteed equal protection under the law, and the right to vote.
43
The Dawes Act had what major provisions?
a.) Head of family gets a grant of 160 acres
b.) A single person would get 80 acres
c.) People under 18 would get 40 acres
d.) Allotments would be held in a trust for 25 years
e. Some indians would be able to chose land
44
The Progressive Era amendment to the United States Constitution included _______________
- 16th Amendment: Established Federal Income Tax
- 17th Amendment: Expanded voter power through direct senator election
45
Who were the key leaders of the American Sufferage Movement?
a.) Lucretia Mott
b.) Susan B. Anthony
c.) Sojourner Truth
d.) Frederick Douglass
e.) Lucy Stone
f.) Ida B. Wells
46
The declared enemy of the United States in the Cold War was?
Russia
47
The current President of the United States is ____________
Joe Biden (2024)
48
Who represents Missouri in the United States Senate?
Josh Hawley (R), and Eric Schmitt (R)
49
The current Governor of the State of Missouri is____________
Mike Parson (R)
50
Freedom of Speech is protected by the ___________ Amendment
1st Amendment
51
Freedom of Religion is protected by the ____________ Amendment
1st Amendment
52
Freedom of Assembly is protected by the ______________ Amendment
1st Amendment
53
Freedom of the Press in protected by the ____________ Amendment
1st Amendment
54
The right to petition government is protected by the _____________ Amendment
1st Amendment
55
Protection against double-jeopardy is found in the ______________ amendment.
5th Amendment
56
Protections against self-incrimination is found in the __________________ Amendment
5th Amendment
57
The protection against taking of private property without compensation is found in the _____________ Amendment
5th Amendment
58
The right to a speedy trial is protected by the __________________
6th Amendment
59
The right to a trial by jury is protected by the ____________ Amendment
7th Amendment
60
The right to confront witnesses is protected by the _____________ Amendment
6th Amendment
61
The right to an attorney is protected by the ________________ Amendment
6th Amendment
62
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment is found in the ___________ Amendment
8th Amendment
63
The protection against excessive bail is found in the _________________ Amendment
8th Amendment
64
The protection against excessive finds is in the ____________ Amendment
8th Amendment
65
The 2nd Amendment protects what right?
Right to bear arms
66
The 3rd Amendment protect against what?
The housing of soldiers in times of peace w/o consent of the owner
67
The 4th Amendment protects against what?
Unreasonable Search and Seizures
68
The 16th Amendment Establishes what?
Congresses ability to collect taxes on incomes
69
The 17th Amendment Established what?
The direct election of senators by voters
70
The 18th Amendment Established what?
Declared the production, transport, and sale of liquor illegal.
71
The 19th Amendment established what?
States that citizens should not be denied from voting based on sex
72
The 22nd Amendment stipulated_________
People cannot be elected as President for more than two terms
73
The 24th Amendment stipulated______
Abolished governments from imposing taxes during federal elections
74
The 26th Amendment stipulated ________
Established the minimum voting age to be 18 years old
75
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established Judical Review which allows courts can strike down laws in violation of the consitution
76
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Decided that the Federal government has the ability to set up a federal bank, and that states cannot tax the federal government.
77
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Congress has the authority to regulate interstate commerce based on the Commerce Clause
78
Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Ruled that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States
79
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Ruled that the 1st Amendment prohibition against the government interference with rights, extended to the states
80
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Ruled that the banning of speech by the government is unconstitutional except for rare exceptions.
81
Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
Ruled unconstitutional a connecticut statute that required individual making door-to-door religious solicitations to obtain a license
82
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
Ruled that it is permissible for a state to reimburse the costs of transportation for students in parochial schools
83
Schneck v. U.S (1919)
Freedom of speech and freedom of the press could be limited only if the words in the circumstanced caused a "clear" danger.
84
U.S v. O'Brien (1968)
Ruled that burning a draft card did not infringe on one's First Amendment rights
85
Tinker v. Des Moines (1965)
Ruled that the 1st Amendment applied to public schools, meaning that school officals could not censor student speech unless disruptive.
86
Morse v. Frederick (2007)
Ruled that it is not a denial of free speech for public school officials to censor encouraging drug related speech
87
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Near and Guilford published a article accusing officers of being involved in shady business. A trial court and the Minnesota Supreme Court viewed the article as defamation, but the US Supreme Court Reverce the decision.
88
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
The NYT ran a advertisement paid for by civil right activists critisising the police department in Montgomery Alabama for its treatment of protestors. Most of the information was accurate but some statements were untrue. The police commissioner claimed libel and the alabama court ruled in favor.
However, the supreme court reverced the decision.
89
Miller v. California (1973)
Ruled that obscene materials were not protected under the 1st Amendment
90
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Ruled that schools may restrict what is published in student newspapers if the papers aren't established as public forums
91
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Ruled that evidence seized unlawfully without a search warrant could not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts.
92
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Ruled that state need to provide defense attorneys to defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford a lawyer.
93
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
Ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the constitution.
94
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment extends the Second Amendment's right to keep and bear arms to the states, at least for traditional, lawful purposes such as self-defense.
95
Yoder v. Wisconsin (1972)
Ruled that Wisconsin could not punish Amish families for refusing to send their children to school beyond the age of 14
96
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
Upheld the constitutionality of an Ohio law providing vouchers to Cleveland students to attend the public or private schools of their choice
97
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Ruled that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a states drawing of electoral boundaries violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
98
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Ruled that symbolic speech (no matter how offensive) is protected under the 1st Amendment
99
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Ruled that the constitutions generally protected the right to have an abortion.
100
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Ruled that states are prohibited from restricting abortion
101
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Ruled that the government cannot limit campaign expenditures
102
Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010)
Ruled that it is prohibited to set limits on corporate funding of independent broadcast in elections
103
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014)
Ruled that Hobby Lobby could deny birth control coverage to employees
104
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
Ruled that the death penalty unconsitutional
105
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Ruled that the death penalty for murder is not prohibited by the 8th and 14th amendment
106
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violated the 14th amendment
107
Cruzan v. Director (1990)
Ruled that a state may require evidence of a individuals desire to end life- sustaining treatment before permitting end life support.
108
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
Ruled that same-sex sexual activity is legal in every state and US territory
109
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
Ruled that states are required to license same-sex marriages
110
Bell v. School City of Gary (1963)
Ruled that stated do not have the duty to provide integrated education
111
Green v. New Kent Country (1968)
Ruled that a "freedom of choice' plan would not be enough to end segregation in schools
112
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Ruled that real estate agreements cannot restrict the sale of property based on race
113
Missouri v. Jenkins (1995)
Ruled that missouri is required to correct racial discrimination in Kansas City schools through salary increases and remedial education programs.
114
Youngstown Sheet and Tube v. Sawyer
Ruled that the president cannot take possession of private property w/o authorization from congress
115
U.S v. Curtiss-Wright (1936)
Ruled that the president has exclusive power over foreign policy
116
Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982)
Ruled that the president is entitled to absolute immunity from legal liability for civil damages from some official acts
117
Clinton v. Jones (1997)
Ruled that the consitution does not grant a president immunity from civil litigation unless something unusual occurs
118
What legislation prohibited-slavery north of the Ohio River in land acquired after the Revolutionary War?
The Northwest Ordinance (1787)
119
What legislation was an unsuccessful attempt to ban slavery in the Southwestern United States after the
Mexican-American War?
The Wilmot Proviso (1846)
120
What legislation provided for the admission of Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state?
The Missouri Compromise
121
What legislation allowed new territories to decide the question of slavery for themselves?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
122
What legislation established the initial structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts?
The Judiciary Act of 1789
123
What legislation made it a criminal offense to falsely criticize the federal government in the late 18th
century?
The Sedition Act
124
What legislation imposed a tax on imported goods to protect early U.S. industry in the 19th century?
The Tariff of 1828
125
What legislation restricted the power of labor unions?
The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947
126
What legislation allowed the United States to transfer arms and war materials to foreign nations?
Lend-Lease Act
127
What legislation established the right to organize unions and bargain collectively?
The National Labor Relations Act
128
What legislation provided grants to states in order to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges?
The Morrill Land Grant College Act of 1862
129
What legislation established the merit-based civil service system?
The Pendleton Act
130
What legislation prohibited trusts, or anti-competitive monopolies, in the late nineteenth century?
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
131
What legislation first regulated the distribution, labeling, and marketing of food and drugs?
1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act
132
What legislation established time zones as well as Daylight Savings Time?
The U.S federal Uniform Time Act
133
What legislation established tariffs to protect American industry and agriculture in the 1930’s?
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930
134
What legislation provided flood control and electrification in the 1930’s?
Tennessee Valley Authority Act
135
What legislation established a minimum wage and child labor regulations in the 1930’s?
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
136
What legislation prevented federal employees from participating in election campaigns?
The Hatch Act
137
What legislation limited the President’s ability to commit U.S. military forces?
War Powers Resolution of 1973
138
What legislation restructured the streamlined the military chain of command?
The Goldwater- Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act
139
What legislation banned the use of federal funds to pay for abortion except to save the life of the
mother?
The Hyde Amendment
140
What legislation enhanced the United States’ ability to fight terrorism with increased surveillance?
The Patriot Act
