Civics Final Exam Review Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
The liberty to make choices is called
A
freedom
2
Q
Fairness is also called
A
justice
3
Q
Ideas people trust are true are called
A
beliefs
4
Q
Specific expectations for how people should behave are
A
rules
5
Q
Standards that guide behavior are called
A
values
6
Q
Being a different age or speaking a different language or coming from a different background are examples of
A
diversity
7
Q
It is unfair. It denies equal opportunities to people and can be a result of racist attitudes.
A
discrimination
8
Q
This Supreme Court case says the accused must be read his rights
A
Miranda v. Arizona
9
Q
Everyone should have the same rights and opportunities according to the American value of ___________________.
A
equality
10
Q
Learning how to be a member of a group is called
A
socialization
11
Q
The most basic institution is
A
the family
12
Q
We all purchase goods and services so we are all ___________________.
A
consumers
13
Q
Our system of government is called
A
representative democracy
14
Q
You can be an American citizen if you were ___________________, you have been ___________________, or if one of your ___________________.
A
born into the United States, you have been naturalized, or if one of your parents is a U.S. citizen
15
Q
As a citizen (even as an alien) you have the right to ___________________ what you think.
A
express
16
Q
A written plan of government
A
a constitution
17
Q
To separate one racial group from another
A
segregation
18
Q
A written agreement to make and obey laws
A
constitution
19
Q
The right to vote
A
suffrage
20
Q
A Two house legislature
A
Senate and House of Representatives
21
Q
All of us (in this class) voting for what we will have for our end of the semester party is an example of.
A
direct democracy
22
Q
Which Article in the Constitution describes the powers of the national legislature?
A
Article I of the US constitution
23
Q
The main argument against the Bill of Rights was that it was
A
It was unnecessary because the new federal government could in no way endanger the freedoms of the press or religion since it was not granted any authority to regulate either. It was dangerous because any listing of rights could potentially be interpreted as exhaustive.
24
Q
A group of people ask the government to change a law. This is allowed because of the
A
petition
25
Cases that go to the Supreme Court can have
long-lasting consequences
26
Amendment that gave African American men the right to vote
15th Amendment
27
The most recent group to gain the right to vote is
18-year-olds, through the ratification of the 26th Amendment in 1971. This amendment lowered the federal voting age from 21 to 18.
28
Because the Constitution has been amended more than 20 times, this shows it is
adaptable and flexible to meet changing societal needs and values over time
29
IF you run for president, you need a lot of money and you need to appeal to ___________.
voters
30
This Amendment abolished slavery
13th Amendment
31
This Amendment gives equal protection under the law for all citizens
14th Amendment
32
This Amendment gave women the right to vote
19th Amendment
33
This Amendment made 18 the voting age
26th Amendment
34
Name the Supreme Court case which said no discrimination against whites in schools
Regents University of California v. Bakke
35
Name the Supreme Court case which overturned separate but equal
Brown v. Board of Education
36
Name the Supreme Court case which made separate but equal allowed
Plessy v. Ferguson
37
Name the Supreme Court case that said high school students have the right to free speech
Tinker v. Des Moines
38
Name the Supreme Court case that said no discrimination against women
Phillips v. Martin Marietta
39
Name the Supreme Court case that gave the right to express even unpopular ideas
The Skokie Case
40
An attempt by a minority of Senators to keep a bill from being voted on is called
filibuster
41
A proposed law is called
a bill
42
A guideline for how similar cases will be decided in the future is called
precedent
43
An organization of government, departments, agencies, and offices
bureaucracy
44
An individual or group that brings a complaint against another party
plaintiff
45
A plan of action designed to achieve a certain goal
legal strategy
46
The total number of people in the House of Representatives
435
47
Our 2 Senators from Connecticut represent our __________.
entire state
48
Congress creates ___________________, spends ___________________, and can declare ___________________.
creates laws, spends money, can declare war
49
This tries to get an idea across by humor or satire
political cartoons
50
Leaders of the House and Senate are chosen by the
With each new Congress, the Democratic and Republican Conferences elect one of their members to serve as party leader. Depending on which party is in power, one party leader serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader.
51
Congressional committees conduct ___________________, study and hold ___________________, and recommend ___________________.
conduct legislative oversight, investigations, and studies, study and hold hearings, and they recommend courses of action or legislation to the full chamber
52
To become a law, a bill must be passed by
House of Representatives and Senate
53
The President’s most important job is to set ___________________and develop _____________________
set goals and develop policy
54
The President can carry out policies by giving ______________, making _______, and appointing ______
giving executive orders, making treaties, and appointing officials
55
Who must approve presidential appointments?
The Senate
56
When the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional it is using the power of ___________________.
judicial review
57
The first step in the life of a law is for a senator or representative to ___________________ it.
propose
58
The person against whom a complaint is brought is the ___________________.
defendant
59
The Supreme Court power of judicial review is an example of ___________________.
checks and balances
60
Process by which voters may approve or reject a law is a ___________________.
referendum
61
Rules that tell how land in a community can be used
zoning laws
62
The income a government receives is
tax
63
Process by which voters can remove elected officials
recall election
64
Process by which citizens can propose laws
initiative
65
Where do state governments get their power from?
the Constitution, 10th Amendment
66
Dividing power between the state and the federal government is called
federalism
67
Who has the power to set standards for public schools?
states and local communities
68
Who heads the executive branch of the state government?
the governor
69
Like the federal government, most state legislatures are
bicameral
70
Local governments spend most of their money on
education and public welfare
71
An election in which party members choose candidates to run for office
primary election
72
Meeting of party leaders to discuss issues or choose candidates
caucus
73
To go door-to-door handing out information and finding out which candidate citizens support is
canvassing
74
Statement of a party’s position on issues
party platform
75
System in which party leaders do favors for loyal party supporters
patronage (financial support an individual organization provides to one another) and spoils system (giving government jobs to supporters, family, or friends)
76
Political parties help citizens by informing them about
political issues and policies
77
What began because of differing views of the role of Government?
formation of political parties
78
What can influence the ideas of major parties?
socialization, age and demographics, influence of social groups, priorities and goals, technology
79
What limits the individual contributions to presidential candidates?
federal law
80
Process of signing up to be a voter is called
voter registration
81
Election in which voters make final decisions about candidates and issues
general election
82
TV, radio, magazines, and newspapers are the
mass media
83
Favoring one point of view is
bias or prejudice (negative opinion towards certain group)
84
A way of sending written messages to large groups of people
pleadings
85
In most states, voters must at least _________, _________ to vote, and a _______ of the state they are voting in.
18, be a U.S. citizen to vote, and a resident of the state they are voting in
86
Where is usually the best source of information about candidates?
state and local election offices
87
These groups give large sums of money to election campaigns
contributors
88
These are reasons people vote: every vote ____; to try to change the _______; to support candidates who best _________________________.
every vote counts; to try to change the outcome of an election; to support candidates who best represent their interests and values
89
A message meant to influence ideas or actions is
persuasion
90
Senators and Representatives who meet to settle their differences on a bill are called a ___________________.
conference committee
91
Who was the first female on the Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O'Connor
92
Which Article in the Constitution organizes the Executive Branch?
Article II
93
30 minute summaries by each side in a Supreme Court case are called
oral arguments
94
This government program requires many employers to hire a workforce that is representative of the general population
Affirmative Action
95
Our First government which had a weak central government was called the
Articles of Confederation
96
A person who is running for office that he already holds is a
incumbent
97
This said Congress would be divided into 2 houses –senate (equal) and the House of Representatives (population)
bicameral legislature
98
An organization that represents special interest groups is a
lobbying groups
99
Who won the right to a lawyer in a Supreme Court case?
Gideon v. Wainwright
100
An unpopular bill attached to a popular bill that is sure to pass is called a
a rider (tactic used to get unpopular provisions passed by being tacked onto a bill that's likely to pass)
101
First Amendment rights are _______________, _________________, ___________________, _____________, and _________________.
freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, and the right to petition the government
102
If you cannot make it to the polling place on Election Day you can get a
absentee ballot
103
Government that serves people living in an urban area is a
municipal government
104
One who likes to experiment and try new things is called a
a progressive
105
The government only has the power that the people allow it according to
popular sovereignty and the 10th Amendment
106
When representatives of special interest groups try to get the support of congressmen on legislation, this is
lobbying
107
Official representatives of the U.S. in foreign countries are called
ambassadors
108
Any place where voters can vote is called
polling place
109
The power to veto one specific part of a bill is called a
line-item veto
110
In Congress, the assistant tot the floor leader is the party ___________________.
whip
111
Powers which are held by BOTH the state and federal government are called
concurrent powers
112
The process a non-citizen goes through to become a citizen
naturalization
113
The legislative branch approves _______________, can impeach the _______________, and can override a _________________. A drawback to using the media to get voter attention is that it is __________ so you do not get much ____________.
approves presidential nominations, can impeach federal officials, and can override a presidential veto. Using the media is expensive so you do not get much in-depth information about the issues or candidates.
114
The head of the U.S. Justice Department is the
The United States attorney general
115
Those against the new Constitution were called
Anti-Federalists
116
Our government has a ______________ legislature, ___ branches of government and the national government regulates ______ between states.
bicameral legislature, three branches of government and the national government regulates commerce between states.
117
A government controlled by one person who takes control by force is called a
dictatorship or autocracy
118
A 20 second clip shown on TV about a candidate’s campaign is called a
political campaign (flagged)
119
A political system to make and enforce laws is called a
government
120
Courts can review laws to see if they are constitutional. This is called
judicial review
121
The people of a congressman’s district are his
constituents
122
A prosecutor convinces a grand jury to formally charge a suspect. This is called
indictment
123
The person in charge of his party’s interests and strategy in the House or Senate is the
Majority Leader or Minority Leader
124
When district lines are manipulated to benefit a particular party it is called
gerrymandering
125
The legally established method of doing things is known as
due process
126
Who is the Mayor of Shelton?
Mark A. Lauretti
127
Who is the Vice-President of the U.S.?
JD Vance
128
Who are our U.S. Senators? ________________ and ___________________.
Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy (Democrats)
129
Who was the first African American on the Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
130
Who is the President of the United States?
Donald Trump
131
Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
John Roberts
132
Who is the Governor of Connecticut?
Ned Lamont (Democrat)
133
What is the age group with the lowest voter turnout?
youngest eligible voters, 18-29
134
This says that any evidence illegally obtained cannot be used in court
the exclusionary rule
135
When you use only one side of an argument to convince people you are right, this is called
logical fallacy
136
The rule that you cannot be tried twice for the same crime is called
Double Jeopardy
137
What committee is a bill sent to to be examined to see if it should be sent to the full house for a vote?
Rules Committee
138
This Supreme Court case let states legalize abortions
Roe v. Wade
139
The power to remove an official from office is
impeachment
140
Someone who believes in the wisdom of the past and does not want to make major changes in the government is a ___________________.
conservative
141
Our Representative in the House of Representatives
Jim Himes
142
Who is the U.S. Secretary of State?
Marco Rubio
143
Who was the Father of the U.S. Constitution?
James Madison
144
Which branch of the government interprets or explains the laws?
the judicial branch
145
The most common county elected official is the
County Commissioner
146
How many amendments are in the Constitution?
27 Amendments
147
The setup of Connecticut’s state government is very much like that of the ___________________.
United States Federal Government
148
What Amendment limits the President to two terms or 10 years?
22nd Amendment
149
How many Amendments have been repealed?
Only once. The 18th Amendment, establishing Prohibition was repealed by the 21st Amendment, unbanning alcohol
150
Which branch of the government has the power to enforce laws?
The executive branch
151
Which local government type is most like that of the federal government?
mayor-council system
152
Minimum age to be president
35
153
Total number of terms a president can serve
2
154
Years in a president’s term
4
155
Articles in the Constitution
7
156
Justices on the Supreme Court
9
157
Years in a Supreme Court justice’s term
lifetime
158
Years in a senator’s term
6
159
Total number of Senators
100
160
Years in a representative’s term
2
161
Minimum age to be a U.S. representative
25
162
How many electoral votes does Connecticut have (Senators and Representatives)?
7 electoral votes (2 senators and 5 House of Representatives)
163
What amendment eliminated Prohibition?
21st Amendment
164
First president
George Washington
165
Presidents impeached
Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump
166
Longest serving president
Franklin D. Roosevelt (3 terms)
167
Only president to resign
Richard Nixon
168
Presidents assassinated
Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy
169
Right to privacy
4th and 14th Amendment
170
Protection from double jeopardy and from testifying against yourself
5th Amendment
171
Freedom of speech, press, religion, petition, and assembly
1st Amendment
172
Right to a lawyer; public trial; confront witnesses
6th Amendment
173
Right to bear arms
2nd Amendment
174
No troops in homes
3rd Amendment
175
Protection from unreasonable searches
4th Amendment
176
jury trial in a civil suit
petit jury trial, group of citizens decide the outcome of a dispute between two or more parties, typically not involving criminal matters
177
No cruel or unusual punishment
8th Amendment
178
States’ Rights
10th Amendment
179
A prosecutor swears he has enough evidence for a trial
A prosecutor's claim to sufficient evidence for a trial typically means they have secured an indictment from a grand jury.
An indictment is a formal charge stating there's enough evidence to believe the defendant broke the law and should be tried.
The Bill of Rights guarantees certain rights to criminal defendants during a trial, including the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to counsel.
