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History > Civil Rights > Flashcards

Civil Rights Flashcards

1
Q

When was CORE set up? What does it stand for?

A

1942
Congress of racial equality

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2
Q

What did the Jim Crow Laws state?

A

Separate but equal

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3
Q

When was the brown vs Topeka law passed?

A

1954

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4
Q

When was the NAACP set up and what does it stand for?

A
  • 1909
  • national association for the advancement of coloured people
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5
Q

When and what the Plessy Ferguson ruling?

A
  • 1896
  • majority of American states enforced segregation as long as the facilities were of an equal standard ‘separate equal’
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6
Q

What was the KKK?

A

Racist group which carried out lynching.

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7
Q

Why did nobody stop the KKK?

A
  • had friends in high places e.g. police and judges
  • they were intimidating and no one tried to stop them
  • politicians were scared of losing white votes if they supported equal rights
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8
Q

Why were postwar African-Americans more determined to fight poverty, discrimination, segregation and violence?

A

During the war, black soldiers had seen other parts of the world where they could mix any race of people and we’re treated equally

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9
Q

What was lobbying?

A

Petitioning politicians, including the president

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10
Q

What are protests?

A

Marches and boycotts were organised to highlight the plight of black Americans

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11
Q

What is litigation?

A

Involved taking state governments and businesses to court outturn, Jim Crow laws

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12
Q

What is publicity?

A

Spread the message of Jim Crow, and damage of segregation

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13
Q

When was the NAACP formed?

A

February 12, 1909

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14
Q

What did the NAACP use to change the law?

A
  • Speeches
    Legal advocacy
    Legal system
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15
Q

What did the NAACP do?

A
  • fought Jim Crow laws
  • 1920 - 1938, they hung a flag outside the NYC offices saying a man was lynched yesterday
  • 1954 Thurgood Marshall, successfully argued Brown versus Topeka, ending segregation in schools
  • 1963, the co-organise March on Washington, Dr Martin Luther King Jr. I have a dream speech
  • 1965 voting rights act made it illegal to deny people the right to vote base off race
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16
Q

What did Congress do?

A

Parcel laws must be passed by both the Senate and the House of Representatives

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17
Q

What did the Supreme Court do?

A

It could overall state laws, if unconstitutional

18
Q

What could the president do?

A
  • Controls federal troops
  • can issue executive orders
19
Q

How much did Carolina spend per year educating black children?

A

$43

20
Q

How much did Carolina spend each year educating white children?

A

$179

21
Q

Where was Little Rock high?

A

Arkansas

22
Q

Schools needed to be integrated by…

A

September 1956


23
Q

Why weren’t most schools integrated by September 1956?

A

Authorities rigged it, so that it was almost impossible for students of colour to get in

24
Q
  1. African-American student applied to Little Rock, how many got in?
A

25

25
Q

Why did only nine of the 2025 excepted to Little Rock go?

A

They threatened families threatening to take their jobs away

26
Q

When did Oval Forbus call in the National Guard to prevent students entry?

A

September 2, 1957

27
Q

What was the excuse Orval Forbus used to stop black kids going to Little Rock?

A

He said that violence would break out if the students tried to enter, so the National Guard was for the students protection

28
Q

Who was the black girl who got separated trying to? Enter Little Rock?

A

Elizabeth Eckford

29
Q

Why did Forbus stop the little rock nine from entering?

A

Faubus did it because politicians went with popular vote Faubus racist, but his action also reflected opinions at the time

30
Q

On the 4th of September, students round the gauntlet of vicious white crowd of how many people?

A

1000

31
Q

Tell the story of Emmit Till?

A

The 14-year-old black boy from Chicago, went to Mississippi in 1955 to visit family. Carol Bryant a White woman said that Emmett Till made sexual advances at her. Emmett cousin said that he only wolf whistled at her the next night, Brian‘s husband, and his half brother, abducted Emmett and threw him in a river till his body was found three days later Till mother had an open viewing. Body encouraging media coverage. The murder try was reported nationwide. The defendants were acquitted, they sold their story to a newspaper, admitting they were guilty.

32
Q

Did Emmit Till find justice?

A

Emmett tills family did not get justice for his murder. After the trial black people continued to be murdered in Mississippi and the killers rarely convicted.

33
Q

Consequences of the Emmit Till case?

A
  • brought nationwide attention to the racial violence and injustice prevalent in Mississippi
  • spurred on the civil rights movement
  • because it was so violent it encouraged other non civil right supporters to change their views
34
Q

What were the black panthers?

A

Was a political group that represented militant black power views members were known for wearing all black clothing, including a beret and leather jacket

35
Q

Who started the Black Panthers?

A

Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Searle

36
Q

When were the Black Panthers founded?

A

October 1966

37
Q

What were the three main beliefs of the black panthers?

A
  • white police and officials would not support or work for the interests of black people
  • black communities should have black officials
  • they could work with white people who supported their aims
38
Q

What did the black panthers want to achieve?

A
  • full employment for African Americans
  • better housing
  • better education
  • an end to police brutality
39
Q

Were the black panthers violent?

A

Yes, members carried guns and there were frequent ghetto shootouts

40
Q

Who was Malcolm X?

A

A civil rights activist who believed in black nationalism and separatism. Born Malcolm Little in 1925, he was a member of the Nation of Islam

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