Civil Rights

Question 1

Martin Luther King Jr:
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 1

Goal(s): End racial segregation and secure equal rights for Black Americans.

Strategies: Civil disobedience, Non-Violent Resistance/Protest ✅, Speech ✅, Use of the Media ✅, Consciousness-Raising ✅

Question 2

Malcolm X
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 2

Goal(s): Political and economic rights for African Americans, Black pride, and self-defense rights.

Strategies: Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅

Violence protests but not always ✅

Question 3

Elizabeth Eckford and Ruby Bridges
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 3

Goal(s): Part of the Little Rock 9: Integrate public schools and end racial segregation in schools

Strategies:
Non-Violent Resistance/Protest ✅
Use of the Media ✅
Consciousness-Raising ✅

Question 4

Thurgood Marshall
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 4

Goal(s): End segregation and secure legal equality for African Americans.

Strategies: Legal Challenges ✅✅✅ (his main strategy)

Use of the Media ✅ (kind of)

Question 5

John F Kennedy (JFK)
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 5

Goal(s): Protect everyone’s right to vote and end segregation in all public facilities and schools.

Strategies: Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Legal Challenges ✅

Question 6

Lyndon B Johnson (LBJ)
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 6

Goal(s): End racial discrimination, and more safeguards for civil and voting rights.

Strategies: Speech ✅

Legal Challenges ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Question 7

Richard Nixon
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 7

Goal(s): Appease Southern White people who were often against Civil Rights but his administration helped desegregate schools.

Strategies: Use of the Media ✅

Speech ✅

Violence (Debate) ✅ (appealed to those against protest movements)

Question 8

Huey Newton
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 8

Goal(s): End police brutality, Black empowerment.

Strategies:
Violence (Debate around it) ✅✅ (armed self-defense)

Speech ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅

Non-Violent Resistance/Protest ✅ (community programs like free breakfasts)

Question 9

Betty Friedan
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 9

Goal(s): Gender equality, equal pay, reproductive rights.

Strategies: Betty Friedan

Consciousness-Raising ✅✅

Use of the Media ✅ (in books)

Legal Challenges ✅ (advocated for them)

Question 10

Rachel Carson
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 10

Goal(s): Raise awareness of environmental issues, especially pesticides.

Strategies:
Speech ✅ (via writing)

Use of the Media ✅ (Silent Spring)

Consciousness-Raising ✅✅

Question 11

Gloria Steinem
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 11

Goal(s): Gender equality, female empowerment, and reproductive rights.

Strategies:
Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅✅

Non-Violent Protest ✅ (marches, feminist organizing)

Question 12

César Chávez
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 12

Goal(s): Better wages and conditions for farmers.

Strategies:
Boycotts ✅✅

Non-Violent Resistance/Protest ✅

Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅

Question 13

Dolores Huerta
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 13

Goal(s): Improved working conditions, Latinx rights, and women’s rights.

Strategies: Boycotts ✅

Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Legal Challenges ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅

Question 14

Angela Davis
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 14

Goal(s): Prison abolition, racial justice, and feminism.

Strategies: Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅✅

Violence (Debate around it) ✅

Legal Challenges ✅

Question 15

Marsha P. Johnson
1. Goals?
2. Strategies?

Answer 15

Goal(s): Equality for queer and Black people. Also advocated for trans visibility, homeless queer people, and people with aids.

Strategies: Non-Violent Resistance/Protest ✅

Speech ✅

Use of the Media ✅

Consciousness-Raising ✅✅