Civil Rights

Question 1

What were Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 1

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States

Jim Crow Laws created a system of racial discrimination and disenfranchisement for African Americans.

Question 2

What does disenfranchisement mean?

Answer 2

The removal of the right to vote from individuals or groups

Disenfranchisement often targeted African Americans through various laws and practices.

Question 3

Define De Facto Segregation.

Answer 3

Segregation that occurs in practice but not enforced by law

Question 4

What is a Restrictive Covenant?

Answer 4

An article in a contract that limits the actions of a person

Question 5

What is De Jure Segregation?

Answer 5

Lawful segregation

Question 6

What is Racial Zoning?

Answer 6

The practice of preventing people of color from obtaining upper-class housing

Question 7

What was the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Answer 7

The court ruled that railroad cars could be segregated if they were ‘separate but equal’

Question 8

What doctrine allowed legal segregation?

Answer 8

Doctrine of ‘Separate but Equal’

Question 9

Who founded the NAACP?

Answer 9

W.E.B. DuBois

Question 10

What does NAACP stand for?

Answer 10

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Question 11

What was the goal of the NAACP?

Answer 11

To challenge Jim Crow laws and promote civil rights through peaceful means

Question 12

What was Jackie Robinson known for?

Answer 12

Breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball

Question 13

Who was Isaac Woodard?

Answer 13

An American soldier and victim of racial violence

Question 14

What did Executive Order 9981 accomplish?

Answer 14

Desegregation of the armed forces

Question 15

What happened to Emmett Till?

Answer 15

He was murdered for whistling at a white woman

Question 16

Who was Rosa Parks?

Answer 16

The first person to refuse to give up her bus seat for a white man

Question 17

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 17

A protest where everyone walked instead of using bus transportation

Question 18

Who was Thurgood Marshall?

Answer 18

A lawyer for the NAACP

Question 19

What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Answer 19

The Supreme Court ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Question 20

What was the Warren Court known for?

Answer 20

Issuing landmark decisions affecting civil rights and separation of church and state

Question 21

Who were the Little Rock Nine?

Answer 21

Nine black students who integrated an all-white school

Question 22

What did President Eisenhower do regarding the Little Rock Nine?

Answer 22

Issued Executive Order 10730 to send troops to enforce desegregation

Question 23

What does C.O.R.E. stand for?

Answer 23

Congress on Racial Equality

Question 24

What was the goal of C.O.R.E.?

Answer 24

Desegregation through nonviolent direct action

Question 25

What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (S.C.L.C.)?

Answer 25

An organization started by Martin Luther King Jr. that used nonviolent methods to achieve goals

Question 26

Define Nonviolent Direct Action.

Answer 26

Methods used to confront injustice without resorting to violence

Question 27

What was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (S.N.C.C.)?

Answer 27

A group that took over freedom rides to ensure participant safety

Question 28

What were the Greensboro Four known for?

Answer 28

Their peaceful protests through sit-ins

Question 29

What were the Freedom Riders (1961)?

Answer 29

Activists who tested segregation laws on interstate buses

Question 30

What was the focus of the Birmingham Protests (1963)?

Answer 30

To challenge segregation in the most segregated city in America

Question 31

What was the March on Washington D.C. (1963) famous for?

Answer 31

Dr. King's 'I Have a Dream' speech

Question 32

What did the Civil Rights Act (1964) accomplish?

Answer 32

Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Question 33

What was the Voting Rights Act (1965)?

Answer 33

Legislation aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for African Americans

Question 34

What was 'Bloody Sunday'?

Answer 34

The violent response to a march from Selma to Montgomery

Question 35

What did Literacy Tests aim to do?

Answer 35

Disenfranchise voters of color by requiring them to pass tests to vote

Question 36

What was a Poll Tax?

Answer 36

A fee charged to voters, often used to disenfranchise black voters

Question 37

What sparked the Watts Riots (1965)?

Answer 37

The arrest of a black man by police

Question 38

What was the Kerner Commission tasked with?

Answer 38

Investigating the causes of riots

Question 39

Who was Malcolm X?

Answer 39

A civil rights activist who advocated for black nationalism

Question 40

What is Black Nationalism?

Answer 40

The movement for complete segregation and independence from white people

Question 41

What was the Black Panther Party?

Answer 41

An organization that provided protection for black communities and was heavily monitored by the FBI

Question 42

What was the significance of 'Roots' (1977)?

Answer 42

A miniseries that portrayed the reality of slavery and its effects on families

Question 43

What did the Civil Rights Act (1968) focus on?

Answer 43

Fair housing and eliminating discrimination in home buying

Question 44

What was the outcome of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

Answer 44

Race can be considered in admissions but cannot be the sole criterion

Question 45

What is Affirmative Action?

Answer 45

Policies aimed at eliminating unlawful discrimination

Question 46

Define Reverse Discrimination.

Answer 46

Discrimination against white individuals in favor of black individuals

Question 47

What was the ruling in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)?

Answer 47

Federal courts can mandate busing plans to desegregate schools

Question 48

What does desegregation mean?

Answer 48

The elimination of segregation to ensure equality

Question 49

What is integration?

Answer 49

The process of combining black and white communities