civil rights 2.2: peaceful protests and their impacts

Question 1

who organised march in birmingham

Answer 1

mlk and the sclc

Question 2

when was birmingham

Answer 2

1963

Question 3

which city did mlk describe as the ‘most segregated city in the united states

Answer 3

birmingham, alabama

Question 4

who was the chief of police in birmingham

Answer 4

eugene ‘bull’ connor

Question 5

what did mlk want to happen in birmingham

Answer 5

for bull connor to use violence (as he did towards the freedom riders) against the non-violent protestors to gain sympathy and media attention

Question 6

what non-violent protest were used in birmingham

Answer 6

• sit-ins
• meetings
• protest marches
• boycotts

Question 7

how many children were arrested for joining the marches

Answer 7

900

Question 8

what did connor order police to do to try and get rid of the protestors

Answer 8

set huge water cannons and dogs on the protestors

Question 9

how did wider us react to the violence in birmingham

Answer 9

shocked and sympathised with protestors

Question 10

what were the achievements at birmingham

Answer 10

• desegregation of department stores
• media coverage of police violence
• kennedy forced to back desegregation bill
• 143 cities to desegregate

Question 11

what was the significance of birmingham

Answer 11

• ussr showed news coverage - embarrassing!
• won lots of white support
• opponents to civil rights less willing to use violence
• white violence increase - KKK bombed a black church killing 4 black girls

Question 12

when was the march on washington for jobs and freedom

Answer 12

1963

Question 13

who arranged the march on washington

Answer 13

SCLC, SNCC, CORE, NAACP

Question 14

what did the march on washington commemorate

Answer 14

100 years since the end of slavery
to persuade JFK to pass a civil rights act

Question 15

how many people attended the march on washington

Answer 15

250,000

Question 16

what famous speech was made at the march of washington

Answer 16

‘i have a dream’ speech by martin luthor king

Question 17

what were the achievements of washington

Answer 17

• event seen as success
• large crowd
• king as final speaker gave iconic speech

Question 18

what was the significance of washington

Answer 18

• march showed unity of civil rights movement in its call for desegregation
• positive media attention ensured white support (50,000) marchers were white

Question 19

what were freedom schools

Answer 19

pop-up schools for black school children to address racial inequalities

Question 20

who ran freedom schools

Answer 20

volunteers (including 1000 white college students)

Question 21

how did the KKK react to freedom schools

Answer 21

burned crosses, churches and homes
attacked volunteers

Question 22

when was freedom summer

Answer 22

summer 1964

Question 23

where was freedom summer

Answer 23

mississippi

Question 24

what was the aim of freedom summer

Answer 24

arranged by CORE, NAACP + SNCC
aimed to better voting rights in mississippi

Question 25

what happened during the summer

Answer 25

3 students were killed by the KKK following a tipoff from the police by late '69 over 70,000 students took part

Question 26

what were the achievements of freedom summer

Answer 26

- johnson proposed legislation to remove right of states to impose voting restrictions - opposed in deep south but won - empowered government to register those denied vote on state lists

Question 27

how did presidents kennedy and johnson support civil rights

Answer 27

- appointed black americans to high-level government jobs - backed the civil rights bill - sent in federal troops to enforce desegregation

Question 28

what programs did johnson run

Answer 28

'great society program'

Question 29

what did johnsons great society program aim to do

Answer 29

ending poverty and racial injustice

Question 30

when was the civil rights act signed

Answer 30

1964

Question 31

what did the civil rights act 1964 achieve

Answer 31

- banned segregation of public spaces and facilities - outlawed racial discrimination in employment - set up new organisation to enforce desegregation

Question 32

what were limitations of the 1964 civil rights act

Answer 32

- did not address black voting rights in south - did not address causes of poverty for black americans - 4 yrs later, 58% of black children were in segregated schools

Question 33

what % of selmas population were black in 1964

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

what % of selmas black population were allowed to vote

Answer 34

1%at

Question 35

when were the selma marches

Answer 35

1965 march from selma to montgomery alabama

Question 36

why did the selma marches take place

Answer 36

to dramatize the need for federal registration law for voters

Question 37

what was the name of selmas hardliner police chief

Answer 37

jim clark

Question 38

what was the march on selma known as

Answer 38

bloody sunday

Question 39

what happened during bloody sunday

Answer 39

marchers attacked with tear gas and clubs forced back to selma

Question 40

how did johnson intervene on bloody sunday

Answer 40

ordered state national guard to escort marchers from selma to montgomery

Question 41

how many people attended the next march on 21-24 march

Answer 41

led by mlk 25,000

Question 42

what were the achievements at selma

Answer 42

- august 1965 voting rights act - legislation empowered national government to register those who the states refused to put on the voting list

Question 43

when was the voting rights act passed

Answer 43

1965

Question 44

what did the voting act achieve

Answer 44

- outlawed literacy tests - set up body to monitor voting registration

Question 45

how many of the us southern staters had less than half their black population registered to vote by 1966

Answer 45

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