CIVIL RIGHTS/ Divided Union 1945-1974

Question 1

How is the USA governed?

Answer 1

3 Branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

Question 2

What does the legislative government do?

Answer 2

*Writes the laws
*Confirms presidential
appointments

*Ratifies treaties
*Grants money
*Declares wars

Question 3

What does the executive branch do?

Answer 3

*Proposes laws
*Administers laws
*Command armed forces
*negotiates treaties
*conducts foreign policies

*appoints ambassadors and other officials

Question 4

Name 6 key Features of the constitution

Answer 4

republicanism

federalism

Limited gov

separation of powers

checks and balances

Individual rights

Question 5

What does the judicial branch do?

Answer 5

Interprets the constitution and other laws

Reviews lower court decisions

Question 6

What is republicanism?

Answer 6

Principle of gov of the people by the people for the people -Abe Lincoln Gettysburg 1863

Belief in representative Gov

EST. foundations of democracy

Question 7

Describe Federalism

Answer 7

System of gov shared powers between federal and state

Question 8

Name some aspects of limited gov

Answer 8

Gov subject to rule of law- if a member breaks it then they would face trial

prevents tyranny as gov limited by laws

Question 9

What does it mean by separation of power in terms of the constitution

Answer 9

Principle 3 branches

gov separate in terms of personal - cannot be a member of 2 branches eg Barack O resigning from senate

Question 10

What provides citizens in USA with constitutional rights

Answer 10

The First Amendment of - Bill of Rights
1789

Question 11

What was the Cold War

Answer 11

Tension and rivalry between USA and USSR 1945-1990

Question 12

What does USSR stand for

Answer 12

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Question 13

Why was there tension between USA and USSR

Answer 13

Belief in diff ideologies

USA wants to spread democracy and capitalism

USSR wants communism

Question 14

How did the USA and USSR fight

Answer 14

Indirectly and by proxy

weapons to non communist sides

Korean War (1950-53) is first example - USA support south Korea

Question 15

Who emerged as the superpowers after WW2

Answer 15

USSR USA

Question 16

What did the term ‘East’ mean

Answer 16

USSR and her ALLIES in Eastern Europe

Poland East Germany Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Romania Hungary

Question 17

Was Yugoslavia part of the East?

Answer 17

Yes and communist BUT not directly under the influence of USSR during the Cold War

Question 18

When was the Russian revolution

Answer 18

October 1917

Question 19

Why was the West shocked by the Bolsheviks

Answer 19

The executed the Romanovs - royals

Lenin used force to overtake gov

Question 20

Who did Britain France and USA provide aid to

Answer 20

Anti communist Russians
West suspicious that Communism taking over

Question 21

Who became leader of Russia in 1928

Answer 21

Joseph Stalin

Question 22

What did Stalin Fear

Answer 22

Western Invasion

Question 23

What led to tensions btw Russia and West before 1945

Answer 23

Mutual distrust

differnce of ideologies

Question 24

What year did Stalin become leader

Answer 24

1928

Question 25

What forced the West and USSR to become temporary partners?

Answer 25

The threat of Hitler - they bid to destroy Nazis

Question 26

What was the Grand Alliance?

Answer 26

It was made up of USA USSR Britain France to lead a fight against the AXIS powers (Germany Italy Japan) in WW2

Question 27

Why was there tension in the Grand Alliance?

Answer 27

Stalin had previously signed the Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact in August 1939 with Hitler

Question 28

Why was Stalin increasingly suspicious of the West?

Answer 28

The delayed the opening of the Second Front

Question 29

What was the Second Front?

Answer 29

The border between USSR and Poland which could have eased pressure on Red army who were doing the brunt of fight against nazis

Question 30

What did Stalin suspect interns of the West and the Second Front?

Answer 30

Stalin thought they were deliberately delaying sending help so the nazis could kill many more soviets and thus weaken communism

Question 31

When were the Yalta Potsdam conferences

Answer 31

1945

Question 32

Who met at the Yalta Conference?

Answer 32

Churchill Roosevelt Stalin

Question 33

What were the allies keen to agree on at Yalta?

Answer 33

Take actions after victory over nazis

Question 34

Why was it Roosevelt's last meeting with the leaders?

Answer 34

He died in April 1945

Question 35

What were the Yalta Agreements

Answer 35

USSR needed to help the West fight Japs Germany divided into 4 zones post war nazis brought to criminal trial UN created Eastern Europe Soviet sphere of influence

Question 36

Name some of the disagreements at Yalta

Answer 36

Stalin disagreed with how much reparations Germany should pay he wanted 20 billion dollars Stalin wants Poland as a barrier against future invasion he wants a friendly Poland and protection against Germany- west thought Stalin wanted control and no democracy

Question 37

When was Potsdam Conference?

Answer 37

July 1945

Question 38

Who was at the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 38

Stalin, Harry Truman and Clement Attlee

Question 39

Since Yalta where had the red army liberated the most?

Answer 39

Eastern Europe

Question 40

Where did the red army remain in 1945?

Answer 40

Germany- east Poland Romania Bulgaria Hungary

Question 41

What type of gov did Stalin set up in Poland in 1945 and what did the west think?

Answer 41

Communist and the west was suspicious of USSR motives

Question 42

What did the USA test in secret in 16th July 1945?

Answer 42

The first atomic bomb

Question 43

How many zones was Berlin split into

Answer 43

4

Question 44

When was the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 44

July 1945

Question 45

Name some of the agreements in Potsdam Conference

Answer 45

Divide Germany into 4 zones run by Britain USA USSR Demilitarise Germany Establish democracy - free elections and speech Reparations-raw materials USSR given 1/4 in return for food and coal from soviets Ban Nazi Party

Question 46

What did they disagree on during Potsdam Conference in 1945?

Answer 46

The amount of reparations - USSR want Germany to be weak and USA want revive to prevent rise extremism in future Truman wants free elections Stalin wants 'friendly governments' in Eastern Europe

Question 47

Why did USSR want to spread communism in Eastern Europe?

Answer 47

USSR had been invaded twice before by Germany USSR invaded once by west in 20th century Eastern Europe seen as buffer zone against aggressive nations

Question 48

what methods did USSR use to overtake Eastern Europe?

Answer 48

Coalition gov Communists given powerful positions opposition forced to leave Rigged elections

Question 49

which countries foreign policy was responsible for beginning of Cold War?

Answer 49

Americas- under Truman 1945-52

Question 50

What anti communist measures did Truman introduce?

Answer 50

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

Question 51

What was the Truman doctrine?

Answer 51

Policy to contain communism anywhere in the world

Question 52

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 52

Package financial aid and loans to help countries resisting communism

Question 53

Why was The Truman Doctrine introduced?

Answer 53

USA convinced USSR spreading communism Britain appeals to USA to help fight communists in Greece- 40 000 brit troops needed help in 1946 Churchills iron curtain speech

Question 54

Why was Marshall plan introduced?

Answer 54

Stop extremist movements - such as countries in economic crisis investment would lead to prosperity and other countries would turn against comm it could only be effective with financial backing

Question 55

How did USA implement Truman Doctrine?

Answer 55

Military resources and financial aid

Question 56

How was Marshall plan implemented?

Answer 56

17 billion investment between 1948-52 creates jobs infrastructure education and machinery