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History Edexcel (9-1) Civil Rights > Civil Rights in the 1950s > Flashcards

Civil Rights in the 1950s Flashcards

1
Q

What were the main methods used in the South to stop African Americans from voting?

A
  • Poll tax
  • Literacy tests
  • Threats and violence
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2
Q

What are the names of the 5 states referred to as the “Deep South” in the US?

A
  • Georgia
  • Alabama
  • Louisiana
  • Mississippi
  • South Carolina
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3
Q

When was Plessy v. Ferguson ruled and what legal precedent did it provide?

A

Ruled in 1896, and provided the legal precedent of “separate but equal”
(This legal precedent was used time and time again to promote segregation in the USA, especially when civil rights group tried to challenge discrimination through the courts)

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4
Q

NAACP begins to challenge segregation in education in the law courts from the year…

A

1940

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5
Q

Linda Brown’s parents apply for her to attend Summer Elementary School in what place and what year?

A

In 1951, they apply for her to attend Summer Elementary School in the city of Topeka, Kansas.

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6
Q

The NAACP helps Linda Brown’s parents to take their case of injustice to…?

A

The Supreme Court

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7
Q

When is it decided to do a retrial of Brown v. Topeka case?

A

December 1952

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8
Q

Who is the Chief Justice at the time of Brown v. Topeka?

A

Earl Warren

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9
Q

Who is the NAACP lawyer who provides evidence in Brown v. Topeka that school segregation is harming black children?

A

Thurgood Marshall

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10
Q

Who is one of the main witnesses of the Brown v. Topeka case?

A

Dr. Kenneth Clark - a psychologist

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11
Q

When and what does the Supreme Court rule about the Brown v. Topeka case?

A

On 17 May 1954, Supreme Court rules that school segregation is unconstitutional.

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12
Q

17 May 1954 is named what by racists in the South?

A

It is named “Black Monday” as the Supreme Court gave the ruling of Brown v. Topeka on that day.

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13
Q

The Brown v. Topeka ruling broke the legal precedent of…..?

A

Plessy v. Ferguson (“separate but equal”)

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14
Q

What did whites in the South set up in retaliation to the Brown v. Topeka decision and where?

A

White Citizens Councils were set up, with the first one being in Indianola, Mississippi.

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15
Q

Many WCC (White Citizens Council) members joined an extremist white group called…?

A

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

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16
Q

How old was Emmet Till when he was killed?

A

14 years old

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17
Q

Where was Emmet Till from and where was he killed? In which year did this happen?

A

He was from Chicago and had come to Money in Mississippi in 1955 to visit relatives, where he was later murdered.

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18
Q

When was Emmet Till’s body found from the river?

A

30 August 1955

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19
Q

Who thought of Emmet Till when she was on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama?

A

Rosa Parks thought of him and thus refused to give up her seat for a white man.

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20
Q

When did Rosa Parks ride the bus and refuse to give up her seat?

A

1 December 1955

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21
Q

When was the bus boycott started by the Women’s Political Council?

A

5 December 1955 (day of Rosa Parks’ trial)

22
Q

Which organisation was set up in Holt Street Baptist Church to organise the boycott?

A

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) led by Martin Luther King

23
Q

The bus boycott lasted for how many days?

A

381 days

24
Q

When did the bus company meet with the MIA during the bus boycott? Did they agree with the MIA?

A

Met on 8 December 1955. And noope they didn’t :(

25
Q

The NAACP intervened in the bus boycott and decided to take the case to court, which was called?

A

Browder v. Gayle

26
Q

Browder v. Gayle began in local court on what date?

A

1 February 1956

27
Q

When are the 90 leaders of the bus boycott jailed?

A

22 February 1956

28
Q

When does the court rule that segregation in transport is unconstitutional?

A

5 June 1956

29
Q

After Browder v. Gayle, bus company appeals to Supreme Court and loses first appeal when and second when?

A

First appeal lost - 13 November 1956

Second appeal lost - 17 December 1956

30
Q

Bus boycott ended by MIA on….?

A

20 December 1956

31
Q

President Truman had tried to get a Civil Rights bill passed in what year and why did it not happen…?

A

1948 - it was blocked by Dixiecrats and Republicans

32
Q

President Eisenhower replaced Truman in what year?

A

1952

33
Q

Eisenhower introduced a Civil Rights bill in what year?

A

1956

34
Q

Eisenhower’s Civil Rights bill wasn’t passed in 1956 because of a leading Dixiecrat called….?

A

Strom Thurmond (who filibustered for an astonishing 24 hours and 18 minutes)

35
Q

Eisenhower introduced updated version of Civil Rights bill in what year?

A

1957

36
Q

The Civil Rights bill of 1957 was passed partly due to the work of…?

A

Lyndon Johnson

37
Q

What did the Civil Rights Bill of 1957 do (two main things)?

A
  • The US Commission on Civil Rights was set up to investigate how blacks were prevented from voting.
  • It also allowed Federal Courts to prosecute states that prevented blacks from voting.
38
Q

The Civil Rights Bill of 1957 was the first time in how many years that the Federal gov. had done something for the betterment African Americans?

A

The first time in 82 years

39
Q

Which document was signed by Southern senators claiming that Brown v. Topeka was an abuse of the Supreme Court’s power?

A

The Southern Manifesto

40
Q

Federal court orders Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas to desegregate in which year?

A

1957

41
Q

Who is the Governor of Arkansas at the time of the Little Rock Event?

A

Orval Faubus

42
Q

How many black students are selected by the Central High school to join in September 1957?

A

25

43
Q

How many black children still wanted to join Central High School in Little Rock, even after receiving threats?

A

9

44
Q

The black children arrive at Central High school on what date…?

A

4 September 1957

45
Q

Governor Faubus announces on TV that he is….

A

Putting state troops outside the Central High School for the safety of the students, but he only does this to create a negative reaction among white citizens.

46
Q

The black students are not allowed to enter Central High School in Little Rock and thus Eisenhower meets with Governor Faubus to try to negotiate on…?

A

12 September 1957

47
Q

Police escort the black students into the Central High School in Little Rock on which date?

A

23 September 1957

48
Q

Eisenhower is forced to sign a presidential act to send what to Little Rock and when?

A

Sends 1200 Federal troops to Little Rock on 25 September to escort the Little Rock Nine into school.

49
Q

Governor Faubus later closes all schools in Little Rock in what year….?

A

1958

50
Q

Governor Faubus is forced on orders of Supreme Court to open all schools (which he closed previously) in year…?

A

August 1959

History Edexcel (9-1) Civil Rights (3 decks)

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