civil rights movement Flashcards
(28 cards)
Great Migration
beginning during World War I, the mass movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to cities in the North and Midwest in order to take jobs in industry, attempt to exercise their civil liberties, and leave discrimination / segregation / Jim Crow South
Brown v. Board of Education
the 1954 Supreme Court ruling declaring that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
Montgomery Bus Boycott & Rosa Parks
a 1955 boycott that resulted in the integration of the bus system in Montgomery, Alabama
Student Sit-Ins
a civil rights protest in which student protesters sat down in a public place and refuse to move, thereby causing the business to lose customers and force integration
Freedom Rides
civil rights protests in which Black people and White people rode interstate buses together in 1961 to test whether southern states were complying with the Supreme Court ruling against segregation on interstate transport
Civil Rights Act of 1964
a landmark act that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin; the most important civil rights law since Reconstruction
Voting Rights Act of 1965
an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote
MLK Jr.
philosophies: Integration through non-violent resistance; civil disobedience.
tactics: Non-violent methods of protest
Stokely Carmichael
philosophies: Black Power: demanding Civil Rights here and now by taking control of decision-making processes
tactics: Use non-violence as a tactic, not a philosophy; Politically organize to and be in positions of power
Malcolm X
philosophies: Black Nationalism:establishing a separate black society from a white one.
tactics: Promote self-defense; integration not possible; organize to control communities, politicians, economy, etc…
Black Panthers
philosophies: Self-determination for the Black Community;
tactics: Promote self-defense; provide services for Black Community; carried weapons / law books to protect against police violence
Seneca Falls Convention
Held on July 19 and 20, 1848, the gathering of supporters of women’s rights that launched the women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement
19th amendment
A constitutional change ratified in 1920 declaring that women have the right to vote in state and national elections
gender roles for women through 1950’s
Traditional gendered roles that included being the care-giver / care-taker of the home; Old traditional values included being pius, submissive, pure, and domestic
“The Feminine Mystique”
Author Betty Friedan exposed many middle-class women’s dissatisfaction in her book The Feminine Mystique, describing women who led supposedly fulfilling lives through their marriage, home, and family, but who were ultimately discontent. Its impact would cause women to begin to question the care-taker myth as being the only life / role for women in American society.
Roe v. Wade
The Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that the “right of privacy . . . is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.” As supporters asserted that women have the right to control their bodies.
role of women 1980’s onward
Women were earning and taking on high positions across numerous positions in society that had traditionally been held only bey men. However, the increase in the amount of women in the workforce led to the development of challenges / obstacles not foreseen by many who worked AND were mothers. They felt that they had not been fully prepared by their own mothers or other feminists for the challenges that came with being both a career professional and a mother.
Lavender Scare
Time period in the 50s and into the 60s where the Government and other employers discriminated against those that identified as gay here they could be excluded from work or fired from their jobs.
Stonewall Riots
Riots in 1969 by customers of a gay bar in New York in response to a police raid; the clash marked the beginning of the gay rights movement
“model minority”
The view held by White Americans that Asians were the “model minority” because they were viewed as hard workers who amassed success without protest or demand. Some people pointed to Asian Americans’ prosperity as proof that ethnic differences were no barrier to success in American society.
redress (asain-american history)
Redress means the righting of wrongs. For the Japanese-American community, it meant that the U.S. government would eventually announce a formal apology for the forced internment of Japanese-American citizens during WW2 that would eventually result in the 1988 Civil Liberties Act.
1988 civil liberties act
Congress formally apologized for internment in 1988 and issued $20,000 in reparations to each survivor.
American Indian Movement
a movement formed in 1968 by Indigenous activists to protest historic and current unfair treatment towards Native Americans.
methods of american indians to gain attention
Consider events like the Longest Walk, Occupation of Alcatraz Island, Trail of Broken Treaties Protest, and Occupation of the small town Wounded Knee on Pine Ridge Reservation.
