Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
(28 cards)
Plessy vs. Ferguson
“separate but equal” wasn’t in violation of 14th amendment
NAACP: systematic attack against “separate but equal”
- 5 cases together
NAACP
Group formed in 1909 to fight courts to end segregation and ensure black rights
Brown vs. Board
- formed in 1954
- was a unanimous decision
- determined “separate educational facilities” was unequal
- violation of Equal Protection Clause of 14th amendment
Louis Redding
- 1st black attorney in DE
- File lawsuit for Shirley Bulan. Board of ED banned her to use white bus that drove past her house
- 2nd lawsuit on Ethel Belton: not allowed to attend all white school
Emmitt Till
- 14 year old boy visit family in Mississippi
- Violates norm by talking fresh to white woman
- Beaten, stabbed and shot. found in river with fan around neck
Rosa Parks
- Refused to give up her seat
- Her civil disobedience sparked Boycott
- became important symbol in modern civil rights movement
Montgomery Bus Boycott
- African Americans didn’t ride bus
- Carpooled, walked, car owners became taxi drivers
- 1956- outlawed segregation on buses in US
Little Rock Nine
-Made plans to desegregate public schools
-9 black students integrated central high school
-Crowd outside of school
• violence, national guard protection
James Meredith/Ole Miss
- Integrated Ole Miss. Graduated in 1963
- Governor of Mississippi vowed no blacks entering Ole Miss
- JFK/RFK secured Merediths rights. Marshals protected him
SCLC
Southern Christian Leader Conference
- Founded by MLK + Southern clergy in 1957
- Sit ins + boycotts. Used water jets/dogs to control protesters
- Media coverage. Kennedy intervenes
SNCC
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Comitee
- Founded in 1960
- Involve students/young blacks
- Became separate, independent organizations
CORE
- Congress of racial equality
- Founded in 1942
- Wanted to bring change through peaceful confrontation
Sit-in
- Protesters sat in segregated white public places
- Food thrown in then. kicked out. violence broke out
MLK
- leader of CRM
- Used non violence methods
- clergyman
- Activist
Malcom X
-10 years in prison
- converts to islam. Joins NOI
-Believed whites worked actively from blacks empowering/succeeding
•fought for state not with people
-becomes disillusioned
Freedom Riders
- Blacks and some whites rode buses through south to challenge laws
- Violence breaks out. Jailed and beaten. Mobs
Black Panthers
- Militant + political organization for self defense
- founded in Oakland by Huey Newton/Bobby Seale in 1966
- Protect /control residents from police brutality
March on Washington
- 1963
- 200,000 to 500,000 attend
- “i have a dream” speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Outlaws racial segregation
- ends unequal application voter registration requirements + racial segregation in schools/workplace
Voting Rights Acts
- ended use of literacy and other tests to qualify to vote
- 1965- quarter million black voters
- didn’t end turmoil
24th Amendment
ends poll tax
What was the importance of Brown vs. Board of Education?
Paved way for Civil Rights Movement
-“Separate educational facilities” are unequal and violated 14th amendment
What was the “norm” for blacks in US throughout this time period ?
- to act and follow the laws of segregation
- “separate but equal”
List some events that led to accelerated change in status black people in this time period?
- Watts Riots
- MLK death
- March on Washington
- 16th Street Baptist Church
