Civil War Flashcards
(19 cards)
What were Charles’ religious problems?
- Married Henrietta Maria, Catholic (england was protestant)
- decorated churches Catholic, people thought he was Catholic
- Divine Right of Kings, only answered to God
- Sent ships to help Protestants, changed to Catholics
What were Charles’ problems with power?
- collected taxes without Parliament’s permission
- Shut Parliament down 3 times, completely in 1929
What were Charles’ money problems?
- Had no money in 1635, so taxed ship money
- P agreed to have high taxes for 1 year to support lavish lifestyle, Charles kept going
- Ignored MPs, people had to pay unaffordable taxes
How did Charles and Parliament argue?
- Became King in 1625, after father James died
- Parliament didn’t like that he married Henrietta Maria
- Didn’t like high taxes and lavish lifestyle
- 1629, After 4 years of arguments, prorogued Parliament for 11 years
- Charles raised 730k in 1634-40 from Ship money
- William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury, Catholic role
- Angered Scots, changed it to more Catholic prayer book
- 1639, Scottish Army attacked, had to pay £850 daily for them not to advance
- So desperate, he called Parliament back - 1940
- Didn’t want him to have same freedom, gave him list of demands - Grand remonstrance
What was on the Grand Remonstrance?
- To have regular meetings of Parliament
(treinnal act passed) - Evil ministers punished
(Imprisoned ministers + Laud) - No unauthorised taxes
(Ship money is illegal) - Must remove chambers (prison)
(Abolished Chambers)
What were the War Triggers?
- 1Nov., Irish rebelled, 1st plan to make it Catholic
- 1642, Charles tried to arrest 5MPs but they escaped
- England was getting attacked, parliament was in power, 19 propositions
What was the start of the Civil War?
- June, Parliament and Charles ordered to gather an army
- August 22 1642, Civil War officially began
Who were the royalists
Charles’ army
North and West regions
Upper Class
Catholics
Cavaliers
Who were the Parliamentarians?
Parliament’s Army
East and South
Lower Class
Protestant
Roundheads
What happened at the Battle of Marston Moor?
- July 1644, Royalist army led by Prince Rupert, Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell
- Cavalry was the best weapon
- Parliamentarian Army won because of OC
- OC recruited new Model Army, more disciplined
When did the Scots join the Parliamentarian Army, and how much land did they have?
1644, and 2/3 of the land
What happened at the Battle of Naseby?
- Final deciding battle
- Royalist Army completely wiped out
- Later, Charles was imprisoned by the Scots, who then sold him to parliament
- Parliament kept him in Carisbrooke castle, IOW
Why did Parliament win?
money -> controlled rich areas + more recourses
tactics -> P attacked with surprise + fought for God, Royalist army split before BON
leadership -> Parliament’s new army was more disciplined
What happened at Charles’ trial?
Day 1: Charles refused to plead
Day 2: Charles refused to plead
Day 3: Charles refused to plead
Day 4: Charges read out without Charles
Day 6: Accused of talking to his son secretely
Day 7: Charles denied negotiation, trial set for 30 days time
What happened at Charles’ execution?
30th Jan 1649, Charles was executed
People rushed forwards to try dip cloths in the King’s blood
Some people tried to break up the crowd, didn’t work
What happened after the execution?
- People had their own ideas (Levellers thought all men should get the vote, Diggers wanted the right to all common land)
- Cromwell came to power
What was Cromwell’s rule like?
Works of light - good holy works
Works of darkness - bad works
everyone had to work harder
banned sports and entertainment
everyone had to dress in black
banned Christmas
no makeup or coloured dresses
no work on Sundays
Cromwell was Lord Protector, not King
Died at 59, 1658
What happened after Cromwell’s death?
- His son Richard tried to step up, but was removed, because he had no experience
- Parliament invited Charles II Stuart (Charles’ son)
What was Charles II’s rule like?
- Known as Restoration
- Quite liberal rule
- Pardoned Parliament, but not those who committed regicide
- Laws from 1649-then were declared void
- Charles II died 1685
