CJ ethics midterm

Question 1

teleological

Answer 1

an approach to ethics based on rightness or wrongness of actions by examining consequences

Question 2

deontological

Answer 2

focusing on rightness or wrongness of a situation without taking anything else into consideration- duty based

Question 3

utilitarianism

Answer 3

theory of morality that advocates for actions that cause the least amount of damage

Question 4

2 types of officers

Answer 4

1- crime fighters
2- service providers

Question 5

implicit bias

Answer 5

negative attitude/actions that one is not consciously aware of

Question 6

explicit bias

Answer 6

individuals are aware of their bias

Question 7

general obligations

Answer 7

a moral requirement to do or not to certain things

Question 8

role obligations

Answer 8

moral requirements based on ones role or profession - doctors, police officers etc

Question 9

epistemic dilemmas

Answer 9

when one has more than one dilemma and cannot decide which one is more important

Question 10

ontological dilemmas

Answer 10

Same as epistemic but neither one is overlooked - neither one is more important

Question 11

ethical egoism

Answer 11

if something thats good for you is good for everyone

Question 12

virtue ethics

Answer 12

developing good habits or character is necessary to live a proper life -

Question 13

applied/professional ethics

Answer 13

ethical rules based on specific careers - medical, law etc

Question 14

norms

Answer 14

a standard pattern of social behavior

Question 15

Voluntary false confession

Answer 15

given without pressure from the police

Question 16

Coerced compliant confession

Answer 16

confesses in order to stop abuse from police

Question 17

Coerced internalized confession

Answer 17

the person is convinced they committed the crime so they confess

Question 18

whistleblowing

Answer 18

Whistleblowing is the lawful disclosure of information a discloser reasonably believes evidences wrongdoing to an authorized recipient .

Question 19

contingencies

Answer 19

moral/ethically challenging situations for police officers- can lead to corruption

Question 20

profiling

Answer 20

looking for certain characteristics or actions

Question 21

moral dumbfoundedness

Answer 21

Moral dumbfounding purportedly occurs when a person makes a moral judgment in a particular situation, admits to being unable to adequately defend that judgment or decision with reasons and arguments, but still remains obstinately and steadfastly committed to that initial judgment

Question 22

temperament person

Answer 22

Refers to personality traits that determine how they react in a situation

Question 23

continent person

Answer 23

act for their own benefit

Question 24

principle of dbl effect

Answer 24

According to the principle of double effect, sometimes it is permissible to cause a harm as an unintended and merely foreseen side effect (or “double effect”) of bringing about a good result even though it would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end.

Question 25

principle of respect

Answer 25

Human subjects must be treated as autonomous and able to make responsible choices. R

Question 26

principle of right desires

Answer 26

follow someones lead and make decisions that are inherently good

Question 27

internal control mechanisms

Answer 27

guide and monitor ethical organizational behaviors and enable businesses to comply with ethical principles and rules

Question 28

what fallacy is thinking that yours is better with no true reasoning

Answer 28

mine-is-better

Question 29

fallacy - using different criteria to judge others than you use for yourself

Answer 29

error of double standards

Question 30

fallacy - carelessly reading into a case where certain facts are left out or misinterpreted - being sloppy

Answer 30

unwarranted assumptions

Question 31

fallacy - problematic and occurs when we go beyond making the facts in the case manageable and end up distorting them.

Answer 31

oversimplification

Question 32

fallacy - people displaying knee-jerk reactions to situations

Answer 32

hasty conclusions

Question 33

fallacy - occurs when you argue that what you’ve done, al-though wrong, is still acceptable because others are either doing the same thing or something similar.

Answer 33

tu quoque

Question 34

fallacy - which says that morality is a product of numbers: if a large portion of one’s group is engaging in a particular behavior, that alone makes the behavior acceptable

Answer 34

moral conventionalism

Question 35

fallacy - the theory of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law which holds that laws may be used to prohibit or require behavior based on society's collective judgment of whether it is moral.

Answer 35

legal moralism

Question 36

fallacy - occurs when one argues that certain behaviors or actions are morally permissible because those behaviors benefit (are prudent for) an individual or group

Answer 36

moral prudentialism

Question 37

fallacy - describes how we unconsciously lower our ethical standards over time through small changes in behavior

Answer 37

slippery slope

Question 38

fallacy - involves appealing to certain popular prejudices and biases shared by members of a group

Answer 38

an argument to the people

Question 39

fallacy - a clue that is meant to be misinterpreted or misleading

Answer 39

red herring