Ck2 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Any process that results in the formation of an ion
Ionization
One-half the distance from the nucleus of one atom to the nucleus of an adjacent, identical atom in a molecule
Atomic radius
The energy required to cause a gaseous atom or ion to release an electron
Ionization energy
The amount of energy involved when an electron is acquired by a neutral gaseous atom
Electron affinity
A symbolic representation of the composition of a compound using elemental symbols and numerical subscripts to show both the kinds of elements that compose the compound and the proportion of atoms of each element in the compound
Chemical formula
The distance at which attraction is greatest and potential energy is least
Bond length
A covalent in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by both atoms
Nonpolar covalent bond
A covalent in which the bonding electrons are shared unequally by both atoms
Polar covalent bond
Elements tend to react chemically to form compunds so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, achieves a stable octet in its highest occupied energy level
Octet Rule
All objects within a closed system tend to move towars a state of greater stability but lower pontential energy
Second Law Of Thermodynamics
Any property of an element that increases or decreases in character or intensity as the atomic number increases, either along a period or down a group on the Periodic Table of the Elements
Periodic function
The measure of the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself
Electronegativity
The energy required to dislodge a second electron from an atom or ion
Second Ionization Energy
___________ is generally determined by how easily an atom gives up an electron or by how closely an element resembles ____________________.
metallic character…. Physical properties of an element
If an atom gains an electron and achieves a _______ stable electron structure, energy is released.
More
If an atom gains an electron and achieves a _______ stable electron structure, energy is gained
Less
An electron affinity with a ________ value indicates an endorhermic reaction; a __________ value indicates an exothermic reaction
Positive ….. Negative
Electronegativity values are based on the electronegativity of the element ____________
Fluorine
The three types of chemical bonds are ____________ bonds, __________ bonds, and __________ bonds.
Covalent…. Ionic … Metallic
Attractive force that holds atoms together in compounds
Chemical bond
Energy required to break a chemical bond
Bond energy
Bond created by attraction of ions
Ionic bond
Bond created by sharing electrons
Covalent bond
Bond formed with metal ions and free electrons
Metallic bond
