CKD

Question 1

causes of CKD

Answer 1

diabetic nephropathy
chronic glomerulonephritis
chronic pyelonephritis
HTN
APKD

Question 2

what factors might affect eGFR measurements?

Answer 2

pregnancy
muscle bulk (amputees, body builders)
eating red meat 12hr before the test

Question 3

state the classifications of CKD according to GFR

Answer 3

1: >90
2: 60-90
3a: 45-59
3b: 30-44
4: 15-29
5: <15

Question 4

T/F: if kidney functions tests are normal in CKD 1, there is no CKD

Answer 4

true - also in stage 2

Question 5

T/F: most patients with CKD will require >2 drugs to treat hypertension

Answer 5

true

Question 6

First line for HTN in CKD?

Answer 6

ACEIs (particulrly helpful in proteinuric renal disease)

Question 7

ACEIs cause a small fall in ___ and rise in ___

Answer 7

GFR

creatinine

Question 8

______ is useful as a anti-hypertensive in patients with CKD, particularly when the GFR falls to below 45 ml/min

It has the added benefit of lowering serum ____

Answer 8

Furosemide

potassium

Question 9

Anaemia in CKD

1) commonest cause?
2) this is usually a ___ ___ anaemia and becomes apparent with GFR < ___
3) other causes of anaemia in renal failure?

Answer 9

1) EPO deficiency
2) normochromic normocytic, 35
3) reduced erythropoeisis due to uraemia toxicity, reduced iron absorption, anorexia/ nausea due to ureaemia, reduced RBC survival

Question 10

anaemia in CKD predisposes to what cardiac abnormality?

Answer 10

LVH (3x increase in mortality in renal patients)

Question 11

What has a greater sensitivity for detecting proteinuria when monitoring CKD patients

albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) or protein:creatinine ratio (PCR)?

Answer 11

ACR

Question 12

if the ACR > 70 mg/mmol, what drug class is indicated regardless of the patient’s blood pressure

Answer 12

ACEI