CLA - READING AND WRITING - THEORIES

Question 1

CHALL
- READING

Answer 1

MAIN IDEA
- american psycholingust
- he suggested that children need to understand the concept on seriality and directionality
he suggested the 3 stages of learning to read

stage 0 : 0-6 years - pretend reading , children are learning the alphabet
stage 1 - 6-7 years - initial reading and decoding - learn relationships between phonics and sound out simple words
stage 2 - 7-8 years - confirmation and fluency - child can read simple stories with more speed and accuracy, reinforcement of their decoding skills
stage 3 - 8-13 years - reading to learn , understand new ideas , read more longer and complex material and they gain new vocabulary

Question 2

TEACHING READING

Answer 2

MAIN IDEA
- phonetic approach - the relationship between letters and sounds, encourages construction and decoding

1. SYNTHETIC PHONICS :
   - child is taught to sound out the individual phonemes independently and separately
   - blend them together

+ effectively in early decoding
- lacks focus on meaning

2. ANALYTIC PHONICS :
   - break down the word into key sections
   - onset and rime

+ contextual learning
- less systematic as children may struggle to apply this independently to other words

Question 3

UTA FRITH
- READING

Answer 3

MAIN IDEA
- suggested a 3 stage model of reading acquisition

1. LOGOGRAPHIC - children recognise whole words on visual features like logos and shapes - can’t decode yet
2. ALPHABETIC - understand the relationship between letters and sounds know as grapheme-phoneme correspondence and they can sound out words
3. ORTHOGRAPHIC - reading is automatic and fluent , they recognise familiar patterns and letters and words are sorted into their orthographic lexicon

Question 4

BARCLAY
- WRITING

Answer 4

MAIN IDEA
- suggested stages of children’s writing
1. SCRIBBLING
2. MOCK HANDWRITING - wavy lines on page
3. MOCK LETTERS - letters resemble shapes
4. CONVENTIONAL - usually child’s name , string of letters can be seen
5. INVENTED SPELLING - more comprehension and can spell basic words
6. PHONETIC SPELING - associate sounds and letters so spell exactly how a word is heard
7. CORRECT SPELLING - conventional and correct

FUNCTIONS OF WRITING :
- practical
- job related
- stimulating - provoke and organise thoughts
- social
- therapeutic - express feelings

Question 6

MARIE CLAY
- WRITING

Answer 6

• stages of early writing
• emergent literacy
• key principles that children adopt
• work conducted in 1970’s so before technology so her concepts may not fully apply to contemporary literacy

1. recurring - knowledge is limited, repeat letters they know
2. directional - learn to read and write from left to right
3. generating - recognise that there are only a limited number of letters but these can be combined in different ways
4. inventory - package knowledge into lists of letters and words

Question 7

KROLL
- WRITING

Answer 7

MAIN IDEA
- developed stages of child’s writing

1. PREPATORY STAGE - children develops their basic motor skills but their grammar is not developed yet
2. CONSOLIDATION STAGE - write as they speak, short sentences, coordinating conjunctions
3. DIFFERENTAL STAGE - awareness of writing is distinct from speech, more complex sentences and varied vocabulary
4. INTEGRATION STAGE - develop their own personal writing style, conscious control over language, flexible and sophisticated language

Question 8

APPROACHES OF LEARNING TO WRITE
- WRITING

Answer 8

1. CREATIVE APPROACH
   - children should experiment creatively, should not be strict correction over their work and allow for trial and error
   - means children are less afraid of making mistakes
2. RULE-BASED APPROACH
   - children should understand the conventions of writing and they will progress quicker this way
   - this is what the current education system uses as particular outcomes need to be achieved by certain years

• john abbott - battery hens or free range chickens - free range chickens are the more creative and idependent students who will excel more and thrive

Question 10

GENRES IN WRITING - ROTHERY
- WRITING

Answer 10

MAIN IDEA
- the purpose of writing and how it can be fulfilled
1. OBSERVATIONAL - child notices something and comments on it
2. RECOUNT - storytelling, chronological order, orientation, event and reorientation
3. REPORT - objective, based on key facts, themes and events
4. NARRATIVE - follows a proper structure and is more complex - orientation, complicating, resolution and coda

Question 11

BRITTONS MODEL
- WRITING

Answer 11

MAIN IDEA
- purpose of children’s writing

1. EXPRESSIVE - first person , expression of the self and links back to paige’s theory of children being egocentric at this time
2. POETIC - focuses on imagery, sounds and features
3. TRANSACTIONAL - focuses on communicating ideas and facts, links to rule based approach