CLA,Spoken - Phonological Stage

Question 1

In the first few months what sounds would a baby be expected to make and what is this stage called?

Answer 1

This is the PREVERBAL stage (0-2 months) and a baby is expected to make CRYING noises - no recognisable sounds

Question 2

What is the next stage after the PRE-VERBAL stage and what is the rough age?

Answer 2

COOING- 4-7 months

Question 3

What is the difference between COOING and BABBLING?

Answer 3

• COOING is different from crying but no vowel sounds or consonants are formed
• BABBLING is noises and vocal play that does involve the formation of vowels and consonant sounds

Question 4

What is the rough age for BABBLING

Answer 4

6-9 months

Question 5

What is the next stage after BABBLING, it’s rough age and what does it mean?

Answer 5

This stage is PROTO WORDS and it is roughly around 9-12 months where a child will use ‘made up words’ to represent a word they struggle to pronounce

Question 6

Variegated

Answer 6

Different sounds put together

Question 7

Reduplicated monosyllable

Answer 7

Repeated sounds (da da)

Question 8

What sounds are easier to produce?

Answer 8

Vowels

Question 9

What are paralinguistic features and give e.g?

Answer 9

features used for communicating that doesn’t involve words e.g.pointing,facial expressions

Question 10

What are consonant clusters and why are they important give e.g.?

Answer 10

• a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel
• more harder to pronounce as they require more muscular control and their capacity to form specific phonemes aren’t in place e.g.str in strong

Question 11

What are the main reasons why children acquire sounds before others?

Answer 11

1. Articulatory Ease
2. Perceptual Discriminability

Question 12

What are the definitions of articulatory ease and perceptual discriminability

Answer 12

Articulatory ease - how easy it is to say a sound
Perceptual discriminability - How easy they can hear sounds

Question 13

What does substitution mean and give e.g.?

Answer 13

The process of swapping one sound for another e.g. fink → think

Question 14

What does assimilation mean and give e.g.?

Answer 14

One consonant or vowel is swapped for another,influenced by other sounds - e.g. babbit → rabbit

Question 15

What is deletion and give e.g.?

Answer 15

omitting a particular sound within a word - e,g, flyin → flying

Question 16

What are consonant cluster reductions and give e.g.?

Answer 16

reducing phonetically more complex units into simpler ones - from two ore more consonants into one - e.g. - Fis → Fish

Question 17

What is addition and give e.g.?

Answer 17

Adding an additional suffix to the end of a word in order to change the way in which the word is pronounced - e.g. doggy → dog