Cladistics

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

The evolutionary history in a species or group of species

Question 2

Convergent Evolution

Answer 2

Evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary liniages

Question 3

Systematics

Answer 3

A way of classifying organisms and determining their relationships

Question 4

Cladistic analysis

Answer 4

An approach to systematics in which organisms are placed into groups called clades based on common discent

Question 5

Adaptive zone

Answer 5

An opportunity for a group or organism to diversify

Question 6

Clade

Answer 6

Groups used to classify organisms

Question 7

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 7

A branching diagram of phylogeny

Question 8

Outgroup

Answer 8

A species or group of species that diverged before the species in study

Question 9

Apomorphy

Answer 9

A derived trait

Question 10

Synapomorphy

Answer 10

An apomorphy shared by two or more groups

Question 11

Plesiomorphy

Answer 11

An ancestral trait

Question 12

Primitive traits

Answer 12

Traits inherited from distance ancestors

Question 13

Derived traits

Answer 13

Traits evolved from mutations

Question 14

Symplesiomorphy

Answer 14

Shared ancestral trait by two or more taxa

Question 15

Parsimony

Answer 15

The least number of changes is the best

Question 16

Cladogram

Answer 16

A diagram in cladistics that shows relationships among organisms

Question 17

Taxon

Answer 17

A taxonomical unit at any level

Question 18

Monophyletic

Answer 18

Single ancestor and its descendants

Question 19

Paraphyletic

Answer 19

An ancestry and some of its descendants

Question 20

Polyphyletic

Answer 20

Taxa of different ancestors

Question 21

Homologous

Answer 21

Similarity in traits based on a common ancestor

Question 22

Analogy

Answer 22

Similarity of 2 species due to convergent evolution