Class 1

Question 1

What is Contractibility?

Answer 1

Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. When skeletal muscles contract, they cause structure to which they are attached to move.

Question 2

What is Excitability?

Answer 2

Capacity to respond to stimulus. Normally, stimulus is from nerves we consciously control.

Question 3

What is Extensibility?

Answer 3

Ability of a muscle and its associated fascia to undergo lengthening deformation during movement of a joint through its anatomic range. After contraction, skeletal muscles can be stretched to normal resting length and beyond to limited degree.

Question 4

What is Elasticity?

Answer 4

Ability of skeletal muscles to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.

Question 5

What is Viscoelasticity?

Answer 5

Showing both viscous/plastic and elastic behavior. For a viscoelastic stretch, some of length that tissue gains during stretch will remain when one releases tensile force.

Question 6

What happens when you produce motion and maintain body position in isometric contraction?

Answer 6

Muscle length remains constant as it contracts.

Question 7

What happens when you produce motion and maintain body position in isotonic contraction?

Answer 7

Contraction creates changes in muscle length and movement at joint(s).

Question 8

What happens when you produce motion and maintain body position in eccentric contraction?

Answer 8

Muscle fibers lengthen as they contract.

Question 9

What happens when you produce motion and maintain body position in concentric contraction?

Answer 9

Muscle shortens as it contracts.

Question 10

What are the major characteristics and functions of skeletal muscle?

Answer 10

• Contractibility
• Excitability
• Extensibility
• Elasticity
• Viscoelasticity
• Produce motion and maintain body position
• Heat production
• Support viscera and protect internal organs
• Create sphincters that allow for orifices to open and close
• Muscle integrity
• Tone/ muscle tone

Question 11

What is muscle integrity?

Answer 11

Extent to which a muscle conforms to expected anatomical and biological norms. Impairments can affect muscle’s integrity.

Question 12

What is tone/muscle tone?

Answer 12

Resting tension which provides resistance to passive elongation or stretch.

Question 13

What is wellness massage?

Answer 13

Patient does not present with impairments

Question 14

Relevant outcomes for wellness goals can include?

Answer 14

• Optimized functioning of any body part or body system, prevention of injury, improved body awareness, enhanced mental focus, enhanced ability to deal with stress, self nurturing

• Also frequently concerned with increasing perceived relaxation, improving mood, enhancing well-being, improved sleep, increased energy, increased postural awareness and improved immune function, (psychoneuroimmunological effects).

Question 15

What impairment?

Answer 15

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.

• Produces clinical complaint.

Question 16

What are body structures?

Answer 16

Various anatomic structures and systems of the body. Such
as neck or more specific structures nerves, muscles, joints.

Question 17

What are body functions?

Answer 17

Physiologic functions of those anatomic systems, (e.g. reduced ROM).

Question 18

What is muscle strength?

Answer 18

Force generated by muscle contraction.

Question 19

What is muscle power?

Answer 19

Speed/velocity of contraction, (force generated over time).

Question 20

What is muscle endurance?

Answer 20

Ability to sustain a contraction over time.

Question 21

What is mobility?

Answer 21

Ease of movement and ROM of joints

Question 22

What is stability?

Answer 22

Maintenance of structural integrity of the joints

Question 23

It’s imperative to take into consideration the whole person when creating a treatment plan. What are some factors should you take into consideration?

Answer 23

psychological state /level of stress, support systems, etc.

Question 24

Impairments are often the product of ____________________.

Answer 24

Injury, poor posture, a medical condition or pathology.

Question 25

Musculoskeletal impairments can have _______________ onset or a more _________________ onset.

Answer 25

immediate onset (trauma), insidious onset (i.e. posture).

Question 26

In the case of a more insidious origin impairments are often present before there is __________________________.

Answer 26

symptomatic onset

Question 27

When developing a treatment plan, it is essential that the therapist is able to identify what?

Answer 27

• Relevant impairments that cause or contribute to patients’ complaint or clinical condition. • By doing so therapist is able to deliver massage that is specific to patient’s individual presentation, in order to avoid delivering a generic treatment protocol that is unlikely to meet needs of your patient.

Question 28

Musculoskeletal impairments are generally broken down so that we can identify what?

Answer 28

Appropriate body structures and functions that are appropriate to treatment with massage therapy.

Question 29

What are some common musculoskeletal impairments?

Answer 29

• Tissue/joint mobility & joint integrity issues caused by: - Adhesions, scarring, fascial restrictions, abnormal CT density, joint capsule restrictions, ie connective tissue restriction - Inflammation, trigger points, muscle spasm, edema, swelling • Muscle function/performance - Strength, power, endurance changes • Increased muscle resting tension (MRT)

Question 30

What is hypomobility?

Answer 30

Decrease in mobility/movement/ restricted motion of joint or body part. Reduced Range of Motion can be result of impairments.

Question 31

What is hypermobility?

Answer 31

Increase in amount of mobility/range of movement at a joint.

Question 32

What are barriers; restrictive or pathological?

Answer 32

Located anywhere between normal physiological barriers, can limit available ROM and can change quality of movement.

Question 33

What is hypertonicity?

Answer 33

Usually results of brain lesions UMN, brainstem lesions, and basal ganglia lesions like Parkinson's.

Question 34

What is stretch weakness?

Answer 34

• Stretch weakness is a condition in which a muscle is elongated beyond physiological neutral but not beyond normal ROM. • Prolonged muscle elongation causes muscle spindle inhibition and creation of additional sarcomeres. Increased muscle length also changes length–tension curve. • Stretch weakness is also known as positional weakness and often associated with postural changes

Question 35

What is tightness weakness?

Answer 35

• Often overlooked clinically. A muscle in a shortened position changes muscle’s length–tension curve. • Over time/prolonged shortening can lead to increase in non-contractile tissue and a decrease in elasticity. • Can eventually cause ischemia and changes to muscle fibers, which further weakens muscle *It’s important to find out what is causing weakness (eg. reciprocal inhibition, fatigue, disuse, trigger point weakness, tissue damage & swelling or structural lesion of nerve).