Class 1

Question 1

Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 1

Transumbilical - horizontal

Midsaggital / medial - vertical

Question 2

Name the vertical and horizontal lines to make the 9 regions of the abdomen and their vertebral levels for the transverse

Answer 2

Transpyloric - L1
Transtubercular - L5

Left and right midclaviculars

Question 3

Name 3 structures in the top 6 regions of the abdomen and the 2 structures in the lower 3.

Answer 3

RH - Liver, Gall Bladder, R kidney
LH - Spleen, Pancreas, Stomach
Epigastric - Stomach, Pancreas Liver

RL - Liver, kidney, S. Intestine
LL - kidney, descending colon, s.intestine
Umbilicus - 3 types of s.intestine

RI - Caecum, appendix
LI - Sigmoid and descending colons
Hypogastric - Sigmoid bladder

Question 4

Name the 5 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

How many are flat and how many are vertical?

Answer 4

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominus

Rectus Abdomens
Pyramidalis

Question 5

Function of the 3 flat abdominal wall muscles

Answer 5

Compression and support of abdominal viscera.

Anterior and lateral flexion of the trunk.

Question 6

Innervation of the 3 flat muscles

Answer 6

Anterior / Ventral rami T7-T11

L1 nerve

Question 7

Function of the vertical muscles

Answer 7

R.A = flexion trunk, compression of abdominal viscera, stabilises and controls tilt of hip.

Py = tenses the linea alba.

Question 8

Innervation of the rectus abdominus muscle

Answer 8

Thoracic-abdominal + Subcostal nerve T7-T12 spinal nerves

Question 9

Innervation of pyramidalus muscle

Answer 9

anterior portion of T12

Question 10

Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis above the umbilicus in C/S.

Answer 10

Between the 2nd aponeurotic sheet

Question 11

Where does the rectus abdominal muscles lie in relation to the flat muscular aponeurosis below the umbilicus in C/S.

Answer 11

Behind all three layers

Question 12

Vertebral level of umbilicus

Answer 12

L3-L4

Question 13

Dermatome level of umbilicus

Answer 13

T10

Question 14

Attachments of inguinal ligament

Answer 14

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Pubic tubercle

Question 15

What is the inguinal ligament an extension of?

Answer 15

External oblique muscle

Question 16

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 16

transversals fascia, transversalis abdominis, internal oblique

Question 17

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 17

Inguinal ligament + Lacunar Ligament

Question 18

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 18

external oblique (+ internal oblique for support)

Question 19

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 19

Transversalis Fascia

Question 20

Contents of a male inguinal canal

Answer 20

Spermatic cord (containing ductus defers)

Question 21

Contents of a female inguinal canal

Answer 21

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 22

Main arterial supply of the anterior abdominal wall is by which vessels

Answer 22

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels

Question 23

What is the superior epigastric vessel a branch of?

Answer 23

Internal Thoracic artery

Question 24

What is the Inferior Epigastric vessel a branch of?

Answer 24

External iliac artery

Question 25

Where does the superficial lymph drain to if above the umbilicus

Answer 25

Axially lymph nodes

Question 26

Where does superficial lymph drain to below the umbilicus

Answer 26

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 27

Where does deep lymph drain to

Answer 27

Lymph nodes accompanying main veins e.g. common iliac.

Question 28

Name the two main subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 28

Greater sac and lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 29

Through which passage do these sacs communicate

Answer 29

Epiploic Foramen / Omental foramen

Question 30

Name 3 retroperitoneal structures other than the renal system

Answer 30

Duodenum - except 1st part Pancreas - except tail Aorta / IVC

Question 31

What layer of the peritoneum is most sensitive to cold heat etc

Answer 31

Parietal

Question 32

Greater omentum connects which part of the stomach to what structures

Answer 32

The greater curvature of the stomach to the following | diaphragm, spleen, transverse colon.

Question 33

Lesser momentum connects which part of the stomach to what structure

Answer 33

Lesser curvature of the spleen to the liver.

Question 34

Subdivisions of the greater sac is....

Answer 34

... supra colic and infra colic

Question 35

Communication between the two compartments of the greater sac occurs between the....

Answer 35

Paracolic gutters

Question 36

Main three muscles on the abdominal back

Answer 36

Psoas Major, Ilacus, Quadratus Lumborum

Question 37

Nerves found on the posterior abdominal cavity is....

Answer 37

Sympathetic chain | Lumbar Plexus

Question 38

Name three nerves of the lumbar plexus working outside in

Answer 38

Femoral -> genitofemoral -> obturator

Question 39

Three main openings of the diaphragm inside out and vertebral levels are....

Answer 39

T8 - IVC - Middle T10 - oesophagus - half way T12 - aorta - edge

Question 40

3 branches of the abdominal aorta that supplies the gut tube and vertebral level they emerge

Answer 40

Coeliac (T12) SMA (L1) IMA (L3)

Question 41

3 main branches of coeliac trunk

Answer 41

left gastric splenic common hepatic

Question 42

Level of abdominal aorta bifurcating

Answer 42

L4

Question 43

Name the 4 main veins of the abdominal organs and where these 4 veins drain into

Answer 43

SMV IMV Gastric vein Splenic Vein Drain to the hepatic portal vein

Question 44

Name some porto-systemic anastamoses and if they were to become dilated would form what pathology

Answer 44

Distal oesophageal veins = oesophageal varices | Inferior and middle rectal veins = haemorrhoids