class 1: organ systems, anatomy terminology, homeostasis

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

-“tomy”: Latin for cutting. It’s the structure of organisms, often dissection based

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

“physio” - nature, “logy” - study of. How the body functions.

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

The physiology of disease

Question 4

levels of organization in physiology

Answer 4

atomic, chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 5

12 body systems in this class

Answer 5

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, immune, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 6

homeostasis

Answer 6

The maintenance of internal constancy in the face of external variability. coined by Walter Cannon in 1932.

Question 7

order of actors in negative feedback regulation

Answer 7

recepter - control center - effector

Question 8

disease

Answer 8

sustained deviation from homeostasis

Question 9

dynamic constancy

Answer 9

the fact that the body is not ever turned on or off - positive and negative e are both always running, even at homeostasis

Question 10

intrinsic regulation

Answer 10

regulatory mechanism “built into” the organ it regulates (e.g. dilation and constriction of blood vessels)

Question 11

extrinsic regulation

Answer 11

regulatory mechanism is outside the organ it regulates (e.g. nervous and endocrine systems regulate most organs)

Question 12

superior/cranial

Answer 12

to the head, up

Question 13

inferior/caudal

Answer 13

to the tail, down

Question 14

anterior/ventral

Answer 14

to the front/belly

Question 15

posterior/dorsal

Answer 15

to the back

Question 16

medial

Answer 16

towards midline

Question 17

lateral

Answer 17

away from midline

Question 18

intermediate

Answer 18

in between

Question 19

proximal

Answer 19

closer to the origin

Question 20

distal

Answer 20

farther from the origin

Question 21

superficial

Answer 21

towards surface

Question 22

deep

Answer 22

away from surface

Question 23

sagittal plane

Answer 23

divides left from right

Question 24

transverse plane

Answer 24

divides superior from inferior

Question 25

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 25

divides anterior from posterior

Question 26

flexion

Answer 26

decreases angle between bones away from anatomical position

Question 27

extension

Answer 27

increases angle, returning joint to anatomical position (hyperextension - beyond)

Question 28

abduction

Answer 28

movement away from midline

Question 29

adduction

Answer 29

movement toward midline

Question 30

inversion

Answer 30

turning sole of foot in

Question 31

eversion

Answer 31

turning sole of foot out

Question 32

pronation

Answer 32

tuning palm downward

Question 33

supination

Answer 33

turning palm up

Question 34

dorsal cavity contains these two cavities

Answer 34

cranial and vertebral (continuous)

Question 35

cranial cavity filled by

Answer 35

brain

Question 36

vertebral cavity filled by

Answer 36

spinal cord

Question 37

thoracic cavity contains these three cavities

Answer 37

pleural, pericardial, superior mediastinum

Question 38

pleural cavity filled by

Answer 38

lungs

Question 39

pericardial cavity filled by

Answer 39

heart

Question 40

abdominopelvic cavity contains these two cavities

Answer 40

abdominal and pelvic (continuous)

Question 41

abdominal cavity filled by

Answer 41

gastrointestinal tract

Question 42

pelvic cavity filled by

Answer 42

reproductive organs and bladder

Question 43

diaphragm separates these cavities

Answer 43

thoracic and abdonimopelvic

Question 44

five additional cavities

Answer 44

oral (mouth), nasal (nose), orbital (eyes), middle ear, synovial (within joints)

Question 45

9 abdominopelvic regions

Answer 45

L to R, superior to inferior: L hypochondriac, epigastric, R hypochondriac, L lumbar, umbilical, R lumbar, L iliac, hypogastric, R iliac