Class 15: Whitewater Helmets Flashcards

1
Q

How many deaths are related to whitewater each year?

A

over 50 white water related deaths

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2
Q

What is the limit for fatalities and skull fractures?

A

250 g

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3
Q

What impact is very indicative of concussion?

A

100g

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4
Q

Is whitewater helmet performance based on price?

A

no it is not

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5
Q

Are most of the whitewater helmets on the market recommended?

A

nope, most of them have a high star value

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6
Q

How many whitewater sports helmets were recomended from the market and what was the brand?

A

4, all from sweet protection

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7
Q

When making prototypes for whitewater helmets, which prototype was the highest performing and how many times better was it then the ones found in the market?

A

prototype 3 performed 25 times better

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8
Q

What kind of padding is needed to utilize in order to improve helmet design?

A

inner and outer padding

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9
Q

What is a biomarker?

A

a measurable substance that indicates a phenomenon

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10
Q

When do you have to measure tau after a concussion?

A

an hour and 12 hours after a concussion

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11
Q

Where does UCHL biomarker come from?

A

the neuron (cell body)

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12
Q

Where does tau and NFL biomarker come from?

A

the axon

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13
Q

Where does GFAB biomarker come from?

A

astroglia

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14
Q

What is one way a brain biomarker can enter the bloodstream?

A

if there is a rupture in a blood vessel, biomarker from the brain can enter the blood stream

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15
Q

Is tau protein already in the blood and why?

A

yes it is with just exercise

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16
Q

What is NfL?

A

neurofilament light (in your axon)

17
Q

Are biomarkers increased in non concussed athletes too?

A

yes

18
Q

Do biomarkers last after hours of injury?

A

nope they fade after a few hours post-injury

19
Q

What was found regarding GFAB in athletes with concussion and amnesia v. athlete with just a concussion?

A

higher GFAB in concussed and amnesic players

20
Q

What two biomarkers were the most helpful in identifying concussions?

A

GFAB and UCH-L1