Class 2

Question 1

Physical environment of the esophagus

Answer 1

about 25cm in length
2.5 cm in diameter
large tablet could affect esophageal transit time

Question 2

Physical environment of stomach

ph fasted state

Answer 2

ph 1-2 in fasted state

ph 4-5 fed states

Question 3

Physical environment of stomach ph fed tate

Answer 3

ph 4-5 fed states

Question 4

Which drugs affect ph of stomach

Answer 4

H2 antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors

Question 5

Transit time for stomach:

______ for liquids than for solids

Answer 5

Faster

Question 6

Transit time for stomach:

___ quite a bit

Answer 6

Varies

Question 7

Things that affect transit time of stomach

Answer 7

volume, density of meal, caloric load

Question 8

How does stomach empty

Answer 8

food and stimulate peristalsis

Question 9

Every 15-20 minutes on empty stomach wave will come through and clear stomach

Answer 9

MMC

Question 10

MMC stands for

Answer 10

migrating motor complex

Question 11

Solution to ph of stomach

Answer 11

enteric coating

Question 12

What we use to control the rate at which the drug goes from stomach to small intestines

Answer 12

Gastric retention devices

Question 13

Small intestine physiological environment

Ileum length

Answer 13

3.6m

Question 14

Duodenum length

Answer 14

25-30 cm

Question 15

jejunum length

Answer 15

2.4 m

Question 16

As we travel down GI track generally _____ ph

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

Whole GI tract serves two functions

Answer 17

Absorption and Barrier

Question 18

Small intestine normally ____ of bacteria except for terminal ileum

Answer 18

free

Question 19

help small intestine with absorption by increasing surface area

Answer 19

villi

Question 20

effectively increase surface area of the cell and are useful for absorption and secretion functions

Answer 20

microvilli

Question 21

glandular simple columnar epithelial cell whose function is to secrete gel-forming mucins, which are the major components of mucus.

Answer 21

Goblet Cells

Question 22

account for large cross-section of small intestins

Answer 22

microvilli

Question 23

cell found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer’s patch. They transport organisms and particles from the gut lumen to immune cells across the epithelial barrier, important in stimulating mucosal immunity.

Answer 23

M cells

Question 24

galt

Answer 24

gut associated lymphoid tissue

Question 25

GALT = gut-associated lymphoid tissue. GI tract’s immune system.

Answer 25

M cells (GALT and Peyer’s patch)

Question 26

involved in nanoparticle absorptions

Answer 26

m cell (galt and peyer's patch)

Question 27

enterocyte: layer of glycoproteins that is associated (attached with the apical membrane)

Answer 27

glycocalyx

Question 28

enterocyte: contain

Answer 28

microvilli

Question 29

enterocyte: tight junction

Answer 29

thing that hold cell together

Question 30

side where lumen is

Answer 30

apical

Question 31

large intestine components

Answer 31

ileum and cecum

Question 32

Length of large intestine

Answer 32

1.2 m

Question 33

ph of large intesting

Answer 33

ph 6.5-8.0

Question 34

Contains lots of bacterial __-

Answer 34

flora

Question 35

flora can do lots of things

Answer 35

metabolize drugs | deliver drugs only to small intestines

Question 36

transit time of large intestines

Answer 36

15-30 hours

Question 37

tight junctions of cells controlled by

Answer 37

cellular signaling

Question 38

Physical attributs of oral dosage forms that may be associated with dysphagia, odynophagia,

Answer 38

shape, size, density, surface area, adhesion properties, coating, position when taking the pill

Question 39

reduced medication adherence

Answer 39

oval shaped pills have most complications, pill color, gel capsules are more adhesive to esophageal lining than others

Question 40

basolateral side

Answer 40

blood

Question 41

memory tag for compliance

Answer 41

size, color, and shape

Question 42

RLD

Answer 42

reference listed drug

Question 43

The incomplete ingestion of pharmaceutical dosage form contributes to

Answer 43

esophageal adhesion and potential injury

Question 44

Risk factor for esophageal adhesion formulation

Answer 44

gelatin capsules slower et than tablets | shape, size, density, surface area, and adhesion properties of the dosage form

Question 45

least potential to adhere

Answer 45

sugar coated tablets

Question 46

clinical risk factor for esophageal adhesion

Answer 46

posture of the patient and the amount of fluid used to swallow the dosage form if tablets are taken without water ingestion of dosage form at bedtime while lying down sali

Question 47

greatest tendency to adhere

Answer 47

large oval tablets take with little or no water

Question 48

Large intestine drug deliver

Answer 48

higher ph time/gi transit presence of anaerobic bacteria

Question 49

to get drug to large intestine

Answer 49

coat the polymer so it takes longer to dissolve and dissolves at higher PH or possesses azo, glycosidic or dlucuronic linages

Question 50

Factors that affect gastric emptying

Answer 50

disease states (acid reflux), liquid vs. solid states, fasting vs. fed states, (volume density and caloric load) presences of other drugs/effects of previously absorbed drugs