Class 2 And Hand Instruments

Question 1

What happens the more you cut a tooth?

Answer 1

The more you weaken it!

Question 2

What are class 2 lesions involved in?

Answer 2

Proximal surface or surface of posterior teeth

Question 3

What are the four types of amalgam restorations?

How many surfaces do each involve?

Answer 3

Simple- 1 surface
Compound- 2 surface
Complex- 3 surface
Atypical- 3+ surfaces that always involve the onlaying of one or more cusps

Question 4

What are two examples of the changing practice of restorative dentistry?

Answer 4

1- initial surgical procedures - defect specific approach
2- classical G.V. Black procedure - currently indicated for amalgam and usually limited to board exams or replacement restorations

Question 5

What are the class 2 preps?

Answer 5

1 - prewedge all class 2 preps
2- place matrix (tofflemire) on adjoining tooth- open end of retainers always faces towards gingiva
3- 7 steps: see next card

Question 6

What are 7 steps for class 2 ?

Answer 6

1- outline form ( outer shape)
2- resistance form- internal shape that prevents fracture of filling or tooth)
3- retention form ( internal shape that prevents filling from falling out
4- access form
5- removal of decay
6- margination ( finishing of enamel( cavosurface bevel))
7- debridment

Question 7

Important things to remember for outline form:?

Answer 7

1- maintain marginal/ oblique ridge integrity
2- fl width is 1mm ; extend into occlusal primary grooves ( slightly up major grooves)
a. Pay attention to the contact point because decay is right below the contact point!
3- may or may not see light into embrasures
4- tapering from gingivo-occlusal
a. From proximal view : diverges occluso-gingivally and axial wLl contour follows shape of the tooth. A the gingival cavosurface marin
5- gingival extension - must break contact with adjacent tooth
a. Break F and L contact (classic prep only)

Question 8

Important things to remember for RESISTANCE form:?

Answer 8

1- pulpal depth =1.7-2mm and 0.5 into dentin
2 - axial depth =1 mm for premolars and 1-1.3 mm for molars
3- axio- pulpal line angle beveled
4- uninvolved proximal slightly obtuse ( 6 degree M and D walls)
5- flat pulpal and gingival floor
6- axial wall is convex or follows contour of gingival cabosurface marin

Question 9

Things 2 remember for RETENTION form:?

Answer 9

1- buccal and lingual walls face each other ( proximal box)
2- converging slightly towards the occlusal ( proximal box)
3- facial and lingual walls parallel or tapering (occlusal) (perpendicular with pulpal floor)
4- Plain gingival margin ( if finish is on enamel ) ( approx 20 degrees)

Question 10

Things to remember About MARGINATION:?

Answer 10

1 - planning of the enamel rods to remove any unsupported or damaged rods and to insure enamel is supported dentin
2- gingival enamel in the proximal box ( gingival 1/3 of anatomical crown) is planed to show a negative inclination ( remove unsupported enamel)

Question 11

Class 2 amalgam preparations: ? (6)

Answer 11

1- chisels 
2- amalgam carriers 
3- condensers or pluggers
4- burnishers 
5- plastic instruments
6- discoid- cleoid carver

Question 12

What are chisels used for?

What are 3 types of chisels? Explain

Answer 12

To create clean lines angles, point angles, smooth walls and smooth bevels
1 - hatchets- hand instrument who’s blade is parallel with the handle
2- hoes - hand instruments who’s blade creates a right angle with the handle
3- margin trimmers

Question 13

What are condensers or pluggers used for?

Answer 13

2 push amalgam in ( line of force)

Question 14

What is the discoid-cleoid carver used for?

Answer 14

2 carve dental anatomy back into tooth

Question 15

how many numbers are in an instrument formula?

Answer 15

3 or 4

Question 16

what do they each stand for?

Answer 16

1st number: width of the blade ( tenths of milimeters)
2nd number: angle cutting edge creates with handle (degrees centigrade)
* in a three number formula 2nd number is omitted - assumed that it creates a 90 degree angle
3rd number: length of blade (millimeters)
4th number: angle entire blade makes with the handle (degrees centigrade)

Question 17

what teeth are instruments starting with 10 used for in general?

Answer 17

premolars (we’re going to use the 10 series for molars also)

Question 18

what teeth are instruments starting with 13 used for in general?

Answer 18

molars

Question 19

which side of the blade is the cutting edge?

Answer 19

the longer side

Question 20

how do u hold an instrument?

Answer 20

using the modified pen grasp

Question 21

what should the side of the blade be parallel with?

Answer 21

the long axis of the tooth

Question 22

should you scrape back and fourth?

Answer 22

no!!! only in one direction silly!!!!!!!!

Question 23

what are two important rules about the tofflemire retainer and martrix?

Answer 23

1. placement (come out of side not infront)

2. band must extend at least 1mm above marginal ridge!!

Question 24

list 9 qualities of ideal restoratives

Answer 24

1. restore damaged tooth
2. wear resistance
3. fracture resisitance
4. bond to tooth
5. bond to self
6. smooth surface
7. esthetic
8. low conductivity
9. radioopaque

Question 25

what are four advantages of posterior composites?

Answer 25

1. tooth colored restoration 2. conservative preparation 3. adhesive 4. holds the tooth together

Question 26

what are 6 disadvantages of posterior? composites

Answer 26

1. difficult to contour ( and achieve closed contact) 2. tooth colored- difficult to identify 3. difficult to remove 4. time consuming 5. more rapid wear? 6. expensive in chair time

Question 27

what are 6 contraindications?

Answer 27

1. abusive occlusion 2. preparation wider than 1/3 the FL width 3. no holding contact 4. subgingival preparation ( cannot control moisture 5. inability 2 place rubber dam 6. clasp from partial denture

Question 28

what are the ten steps to placing composites?

Answer 28

1. pumice 2. rinse 3. air dry ( do not desiccate or else!!) yes that means you shmulie 4. Acid Etch 15 seconds (35% phosphoric acid) 5. rinse 6. airy dry ( do not desiccate) 7. apply bonding agent ( brush in) 8. air dry slightly to remove solvent ( no puddling) 9. light cure 10. place composite ( cure only in 2mm increments)

Question 29

why would there be an inadequate cure due to curing light?

Answer 29

1. inefficient lamp 2. low (fluctuating voltage) 3. dirty tip

Question 30

what are the properties of restorative material affecting intensity of light transmitted?

Answer 30

1, shade- pigment 2. opacity 3. thickness

Question 31

what are three steps of an ideal prep?

Answer 31

1. removal of carries 2. removal of unsupported enamel 3. placement of margins in a finish-able location.

Question 32

8 thing to remember about the contact area?

Answer 32

1. wedging 2. tooth movement 3. gingival adaptation 4. matrix band 5. thin 6. contoured 7. burnishable 8. held against adjacent tooth during curing