Class 2 Summary Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
What does WHMIS stand for?
A
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
2
Q
What is the purpose of WHMIS?
A
To ensure that workers and employers have the information needed to safely handle hazardous products.
3
Q
What are the four components of WHMIS 2015?
A
Identification of hazardous products, labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and worker education and training.
4
Q
What are the two main hazard groups in WHMIS 2015?
A
Physical hazards and health hazards.
5
Q
What type of information is included in a supplier label?
A
Product identifier, pictogram(s), signal word, hazard statement(s), precautionary statement(s), and supplier information.
6
Q
What is a work site label, and when is it used?
A
A label used for hazardous products transferred to workplace containers or imported without a supplier label; it includes the product name, handling information, and reference to the SDS.
7
Q
What is the purpose of a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
A
To provide detailed information about a hazardous product’s properties, hazards, and safe handling practices.
8
Q
How many sections are included in a WHMIS 2015 SDS?
A
16 sections.
9
Q
What is the role of worker education and training under WHMIS 2015?
A
To help workers understand WHMIS information and safely work with hazardous products.
10
Q
What are some examples of physical hazards under WHMIS?
A
Flammable substances, gases under pressure, and self-reactive substances.
11
Q
What are some examples of health hazards under WHMIS?
A
Toxic substances, skin irritants, carcinogens, and reproductive toxins.
12
Q
What is a pictogram, and what is its purpose?
A
A symbol on a label that visually communicates the type of hazard associated with a product.
13
Q
What is confidential business information (CBI) in WHMIS?
A
Information (e.g., ingredient identity) that can be withheld from labels and SDSs if approved by Health Canada to protect business interests.
14
Q
What key questions should workers be able to answer after WHMIS training?
A
What are the hazards of the product? How do I protect myself? What do I do in an emergency? Where can I get more information?
15
Q
What section of the SDS provides information on personal protective equipment (PPE)?
A
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection.
16
Q
What does WHMIS stand for?
A
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
17
Q
What is the purpose of WHMIS?
A
To provide information about hazardous products in the workplace, ensuring safe handling, storage, and use by workers.
18
Q
What are the three key components of WHMIS 2015?
A
Labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and Worker Education and Training.
19
Q
What are the two main hazard groups under WHMIS?
A
Physical hazards and health hazards.
20
Q
What is the role of supplier labels?
A
To provide basic hazard information, including product identifier, pictograms, signal word, and hazard/precautionary statements.
21
Q
How many sections are in a WHMIS Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
A
16 sections.
22
Q
What are employers’ responsibilities under WHMIS?
A
Ensure hazardous products are labeled, provide SDSs, make SDSs accessible, and train workers on safe use of products.
23
Q
What is significant new data, and how does it affect WHMIS requirements?
A
New data that changes a product’s hazard classification or control measures. It requires updates to labels and SDSs within 90-180 days.
24
Q
What is the difference between WHMIS and the Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Act?
A
WHMIS regulates the use and handling of hazardous products in workplaces, while TDG governs their transport on public roads, air, rail, and waterways.
25
What types of products are exempt from WHMIS requirements?
Products like wood, tobacco, consumer goods, pesticides, and radioactive materials, which are covered by other laws.
26
What is Confidential Business Information (CBI) under WHMIS?
Information (e.g., ingredient identity) that can be withheld on SDSs and labels if it qualifies as a trade secret approved by Health Canada.
27
What training must employers provide to workers under WHMIS?
General WHMIS education, workplace-specific training on hazardous products, and emergency procedures.
28
What questions should workers be able to answer after WHMIS training?
What are the hazards of the product? How do I protect myself? What do I do in an emergency? Where can I find more information?
29
Who enforces WHMIS requirements for suppliers and employers?
Health Canada enforces supplier responsibilities, while provincial/territorial occupational health and safety (OHS) officers enforce employer compliance.
30
What is the format requirement for SDSs?
SDSs must have 16 sections with headings in a specified order but do not have specific rules for appearance (e.g., font size or margins).
31
What does WHMIS stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
32
When was WHMIS first implemented, and when was it updated?
Implemented in 1988 and updated in 2015 to align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
33
What are the four key components of WHMIS 2015?
Hazard classification, supplier labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and worker education and training.
34
What are the two main hazard groups under WHMIS?
Physical hazards and health hazards.
35
What is a WHMIS pictogram?
A graphic image that indicates the type of hazard associated with a product.
36
Name a few examples of WHMIS pictograms and their associated hazards.
Flame: Flammable substances
Corrosion: Corrosive to metals, skin, and eyes
Skull and Crossbones: Acute toxicity
Gas Cylinder: Gases under pressure
Health Hazard: Carcinogens, mutagens, respiratory sensitizers
37
What information is found on a WHMIS supplier label?
Product identifier, pictogram(s), signal word, hazard statement(s), precautionary statement(s), and supplier information.
38
How many sections are in a WHMIS Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
16 sections.
39
What is the purpose of an SDS?
To provide detailed information about a hazardous product's properties, hazards, safety precautions, and emergency measures.
40
When must an SDS be updated?
Within 90 days of the supplier becoming aware of significant new data.
41
What are the responsibilities of employers under WHMIS?
Ensure labels and SDSs are available, provide training, and ensure workers follow safety procedures.
42
What are the responsibilities of workers under WHMIS?
Attend training, follow safe work practices, and use SDSs to understand hazards and safety measures.
43
How can you tell if an SDS has been updated?
By checking the date of the last revision in Section 16 of the SDS.
44
What is significant new data under WHMIS?
New information that changes a product’s hazard classification or control measures.
45
Why is WHMIS training important for workers?
It ensures workers understand how to safely handle hazardous products, recognize hazards, and respond to emergencies.
46
What is a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
A document that provides detailed information about a hazardous chemical's properties, hazards, and safety precautions.
47
How many sections are included in a standardized SDS?
16 sections.
48
What information is provided in Section 1 of the SDS?
Product identification, recommended use, and supplier contact information.
49
What does Section 2 of the SDS cover?
Hazard classification, signal word, pictograms, hazard and precautionary statements, and any hazards not otherwise classified.
50
What is included in Section 3 of the SDS?
Composition information, including chemical name, CAS number, and concentration of hazardous ingredients.
51
What does Section 4 of the SDS provide?
First-aid instructions for various exposure routes (inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion), symptoms, and medical care recommendations.
52
What is the purpose of Section 5 on an SDS?
To provide fire-fighting measures, including suitable extinguishing methods, combustion hazards, and protective equipment for firefighters.
53
What is covered in Section 6 of the SDS?
Accidental release measures, such as containment and cleanup procedures, personal precautions, and emergency procedures.
54
What information does Section 7 of the SDS contain?
Guidelines for safe handling and storage, including conditions to avoid and incompatible materials.
55
What does Section 8 of the SDS describe?
Exposure controls, personal protective equipment (PPE), and exposure limits.
56
What are some physical and chemical properties listed in Section 9 of the SDS?
Appearance, odor, pH, boiling point, flash point, solubility, and viscosity.
57
What is the focus of Section 10 on an SDS?
Stability and reactivity, including conditions to avoid, incompatible materials, and potential hazardous reactions.
58
What information is included in Section 11 of the SDS?
Toxicological information, including routes of exposure, symptoms, and toxicity measures like LD50.
59
What is the purpose of Section 12 on the SDS?
To provide ecological information, such as environmental toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. (Non-mandatory)
60
What is described in Section 13 of the SDS?
Proper disposal methods, recycling recommendations, and special handling precautions. (Non-mandatory)
61
What does Section 14 of the SDS include?
Transport information, such as UN number, shipping name, and transport hazard class. (Non-mandatory)
62
What is Section 15 of the SDS for?
Regulatory information, including national and regional regulations applicable to the product. (Non-mandatory)
63
What details are found in Section 16 of the SDS?
Date of preparation or last revision and any other relevant information.
64
What are employers' responsibilities regarding SDSs?
Employers must ensure that SDSs are accessible to employees and kept up to date.
65
How can employees access SDSs?
SDSs must be readily available in physical form (e.g., binder) or electronically, with backup access in case of emergencies.
66
What is drug distribution?
The process of moving medication from the pharmacy to the patient, ensuring safe, timely, and efficient delivery.
67
What are the key steps in the medication use process?
Receipt of order, order review, interpretation, preparation, final check, and delivery.
68
What are the 8 Rights of Medication Administration?
Right patient, right drug, right dosage strength, right route, right time, right reason, right documentation, and right of refusal.
69
What is unit dose distribution?
A system where medications are dispensed in ready-to-administer single doses, typically for a 24-hour supply.
70
What are the advantages of unit dose distribution?
Reduced medication errors, improved drug control, efficient billing, and optimized pharmacy workload.
71
What are the disadvantages of unit dose distribution?
Expensive, labor-intensive, and requires multiple deliveries for dose changes.
72
What is a cartless drug distribution system?
A system using automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) that provide controlled access to medications, track usage, and integrate with patient records.
73
What are the benefits of automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs)?
Secure drug access, enhanced recordkeeping, and improved accessibility on care units.
74
What is ward stock distribution?
Bulk storage of commonly prescribed medications in patient-care areas for PRN (as needed) use.
75
What are the disadvantages of ward stock distribution?
High risk of medication errors, poor inventory control, and vulnerability to pilferage.
76
What is traditional (MOSAIC) drug distribution?
Patient-specific medications are dispensed in bulk, typically for 3-7 days.
77
What is a controlled dose card system?
Medications are pre-packaged in blister packs according to administration times.
78
When is the controlled dose card system most applicable?
For patients with chronic conditions in long-term care facilities or psychiatric hospitals.
79
What is the purpose of a night cupboard (after-hours cabinet)?
To provide access to essential medications when the pharmacy is closed.
80
What are leave of absence (LOA) medications?
Medications dispensed for patients leaving the institution temporarily.
81
What is an emergency cart?
A movable collection of medications and equipment for critical emergencies on care units.
82
What are the key drug labeling guidelines?
Use bold for patient and drug names, list generic names first, avoid abbreviations, and use a minimum font size of 12.
83
How are narcotic and controlled drugs managed in hospitals?
Under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, with a preferred perpetual inventory system.
84
What are the types of inventory management systems?
Visual method, periodic method, and perpetual inventory.
85
What is the chemical name and formula of Salicylic Acid?
Salicylic Acid (C₇H₆O₃).
86
What are the key uses of Salicylic Acid according to the SDS?
Dermatological drug.
87
What is the GHS classification for Salicylic Acid?
Acute Toxicity (Oral): Category 4
Skin Irritation: Category 2
Eye Damage: Category 1
Reproductive Toxicity: Category 2
88
What signal word is used on the Salicylic Acid SDS?
Danger
89
What are the hazard statements for Salicylic Acid?
Harmful if swallowed
Causes skin irritation
Causes serious eye damage
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
90
What should you do if Salicylic Acid comes in contact with your eyes?
Rinse with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
91
How should Salicylic Acid be handled to ensure safety?
Avoid inhalation and contact with eyes and skin. Wash thoroughly after handling.
92
What are the recommended storage conditions for Salicylic Acid?
Store in a dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, ignition sources, and incompatible materials.
93
What are the key symptoms of Salicylic Acid exposure?
Heartburn, nausea, dizziness, headache, vomiting, and in severe cases, respiratory failure or kidney damage.
94
What is the oral LD50 for Salicylic Acid in rats?
891 mg/kg.
95
What protective equipment should be used when handling Salicylic Acid?
Safety goggles, protective gloves, and appropriate clothing.
96
Is Salicylic Acid classified as a dangerous good for transport?
No, it is not classified as a dangerous good.
97
What are the environmental concerns associated with Salicylic Acid?
It is readily biodegradable and not expected to bioaccumulate.
98
What type of fire extinguisher is recommended for a fire involving Salicylic Acid?
Dry chemical, CO₂, alcohol-resistant foam, or water spray.
99
What hazardous decomposition products can result from Salicylic Acid under fire conditions?
Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
100
What precautions should be taken during an accidental release of Salicylic Acid?
Use respiratory protection, avoid dust formation, contain the spill, and prevent entry into waterways.
101
What are the acute health effects of Salicylic Acid ingestion?
Gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
102
How should Salicylic Acid waste be disposed of?
In accordance with local, state, and federal regulations, avoiding environmental release.
103
What does WHMIS stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
104
When was WHMIS first introduced and when was it updated?
Introduced in 1988 and updated in 2015 to align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
105
What are the legal frameworks governing WHMIS?
The Hazardous Products Act and Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR).
106
Which government body enforces WHMIS regulations?
Health Canada.
107
What is a WHMIS pictogram?
A graphic symbol that indicates the type of hazard a product presents.
108
Name three examples of WHMIS pictograms and their associated hazards.
Flame: Flammable substances
Corrosion: Corrosive to skin, eyes, or metals
Skull and Crossbones: Severe acute toxicity
109
What is the hazard associated with biohazardous infectious materials?
Microorganisms that can cause infections in humans or animals.
110
What hazard does the "Exploding Bomb" pictogram represent?
Self-reactive substances and organic peroxides.
111
What is the primary hazard of CaviWipes?
Corrosion (eye and skin irritation).
112
What hazard is associated with an ABC fire extinguisher?
Gas Cylinder (compressed gas).
113
Why is isopropyl alcohol categorized under the "Flame" pictogram?
It is highly flammable.
114
What is a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
A document that provides detailed information about the hazards of a product and safety precautions.
115
Who typically prepares an SDS?
The manufacturer or supplier of the product.
116
What are the key purposes of an SDS?
To explain product hazards, provide safe handling instructions, and outline emergency procedures.
117
How many sections are included in a standardized SDS?
16 sections.
118
What information can be found in Section 16 of an SDS?
The date of the last revision and any additional information.
119
How soon must an SDS be updated after new information is discovered?
Within 90 days.
120
Are suppliers required to send updated SDSs to past purchasers?
No, they are not required to do so.
121
What does the Health Hazard pictogram indicate?
Hazards such as carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and aspiration hazards.
122
Which pictogram is used for gases under pressure?
The Gas Cylinder pictogram.
123
What is drug distribution?
The process of procuring, storing, and moving drugs from the pharmacy to the patient.
124
What are the main types of drug distribution systems?
Individual Patient Order (IPO) System, Traditional System, Unit Dose System, Ward Stock System, Multi-Dose System, Controlled Dose System, and Automated Dispensing Machines (ADMs).
125
What is the Individual Patient Order (IPO) System?
A system where prescription orders are processed individually for each patient and delivered to nursing units.
126
What is the Traditional Drug Distribution System?
A combination of IPO and ward stock systems where medications are dispensed in bulk and stored on nursing units.
127
What is the Unit Dose System?
A system where medications are packaged as single doses and delivered in 24-hour supplies to nursing units.
128
What are the advantages of the Unit Dose System?
Reduces waste, errors, and drug diversion while improving patient safety.
129
What is the Ward Stock System?
A system where bulk medications are stored on nursing units for immediate use, commonly referred to as floor stock.
130
What types of drugs are commonly found in ward stock?
High-use drugs like laxatives, stool softeners, anti-nausea medications, and analgesics.
131
What is the Multi-Dose Drug Distribution System?
A system where blister packs contain all medications for one dispensing time, typically used in long-term care facilities.
132
What is the Controlled Dose System?
A monitored dosage system where medications are packaged in blister packs for easy tracking of controlled substances.
133
What are Automated Dispensing Machines (ADMs)?
Computerized devices located at the point of care that provide secure drug storage, dispensing, and inventory control.
134
What are the advantages of ADMs?
Enhances safety, improves workflow, and simplifies patient charges and inventory tasks.
135
What is a Medication Administration Record (MAR)?
A legal record documenting drug administration as part of the patient's permanent medical chart.
136
What is an Automatic Stop Order (ASO)?
A policy that limits the number of days certain medications can be dispensed unless reordered by a physician.
137
Why might medications be returned to the pharmacy?
Due to discontinuation, patient discharge, transfer, or death.
138
What types of medications can be reused after being returned?
Unopened unit dose tablets/capsules, injectable vials, ear/eye drops, ointments, inhalers, and IV bags.
139
What are common routes of drug administration in institutional pharmacies?
Oral, topical, inhalation, parenteral (IM, SC, IV, ID, epidural, spinal), and nasogastric (NG).
140
What are examples of dosage forms used in institutional pharmacies?
Tablets, capsules, oral liquids, patches, inhalers, vials, ampoules, pre-filled syringes, and IV bags.
141
How are medications disposed of in institutional pharmacies?
Through biohazard incineration or by returning unopened packages to the manufacturer.
142
What is tele-pharmacy?
The remote delivery of pharmaceutical care using telecommunications for prescription verification and patient care.
143
What is a Unit Dose System?
A system where medications are packaged as single doses, labeled with essential information to improve safety and reduce errors.
144
What types of medications can be packaged in unit doses?
Solid forms (tablets, capsules), liquid forms (syrups, solutions), injectables (vials, ampoules), and other forms like eye drops, powders, and patches.
145
What information is included on a unit dose label?
Drug name (generic), strength, dosage form, expiry date, and lot number.
146
What are the advantages of the unit dose system?
Increases patient safety, reduces medication errors, minimizes waste, and simplifies inventory control.
147
How are unit doses delivered to nursing units?
Medications are organized in cassettes labeled with the patient's name and room number, delivered daily in a 24-hour supply.
148
What is a cart exchange?
The process of delivering new unit dose cassettes to nursing units and returning used cassettes to the pharmacy for refilling.
149
What are interim doses?
Doses provided to cover immediate medication needs between cart exchanges.
150
What types of machines are used for unit dose packaging?
Pacmed Machine: Packages tablets and capsules.
Cadet Machine: Packages oral liquids.
Foil and Blister Pack Machines: For solid dosage forms.
151
How are oral liquid unit doses typically packaged?
In amber-colored syringes, bottles, or oral cups.
152
What is a blister pack?
A package where each solid dose (e.g., tablet or capsule) is sealed in its own compartment for single-use administration.
153
What equipment maintenance is required for unit dose machines?
Regular maintenance to minimize downtime, with staff responsible for upkeep and training.
154
Why are unit dose systems considered labor-intensive?
Because each dose must be individually packaged, labeled, and prepared, requiring more pharmacy staff involvement.
155
What safety improvements does the unit dose system provide?
Reduces the risk of errors by ensuring each dose is pre-measured and accurately labeled.
156
How are injectables packaged in a unit dose system?
In pre-filled syringes, vials, or ampoules, ready for immediate use.
157
What are some examples of unit dose packaging formats?
Amber bottles for liquids, oral syringes, blister packs for tablets, and pre-filled syringes for injectables.
