Class 23: Valve Disorders

Question 1

what is infective endocarditis

Answer 1

• infection of the heart valves or endocardial surface of the heart

Question 2

inflammation from infective endocarditis affects the ________

Answer 2

cardiac valves

Question 3

what causes infective endocarditis

Answer 3

• bacteria most common

- also viruses, & fungi

Question 4

what are the primary lesions of infective endocarditis

Answer 4

• vegetations

Question 5

what do the vegetations of infective endocarditis consist of

Answer 5

• fibrin
• platelets
• microbes
  that adhere to the valve surface or endothelium

Question 6

what happens if portions of the vegetations from infective endocarditis are lost intro circulation

Answer 6

• can cause emboli

Question 7

what do emboli result in from infective endocarditis

Answer 7

• strokes, kidney disease, damage to spleen, pulmonary emboli, limb infarction

Question 8

what are risk factors for infective endocarditis

Answer 8

• IV drug use
• prosthetic valves
• acquired valve disease (ex. aortic stenosis)
• congenital heart disease
• pacemakers
• marfan syndrome
• cardiomyopathy

Question 9

what are symptoms of infective endocarditis

Answer 9

• low fever
• chills
• weakness
• malaise & fatigue
• anorexia

Question 10

what are oslers nodes

Answer 10

• tender, painful red or purple pea-ized lesions on fingertips or toes

Question 11

what are janeways lesions

Answer 11

• flat, painless, small red spots on palms & soles

Question 12

what are specific findings w infective endocarditis

Answer 12

• splinter hemorrhages
• petechiae
• oslers nodes
• janeways lesions
• roths spots
• murmur

Question 13

what are splinter hemorrhages

Answer 13

• occur in nail beds

Question 14

why might there be petechiae with infective endocarditis

Answer 14

• fragmentation & microembolization of vegetative lesions

Question 15

what are roth’s spots

Answer 15

• hemorrhagic retinal lesions

Question 16

what valves are most effected in infective endocarditis

Answer 16

• aortic & mitral

Question 17

what may indicate damage to the spleen

Answer 17

• sharp, left uppe quad pain with splenomegaly

Question 18

what might indicate kidney damahge

Answer 18

• flank pain
• hemauria
• azotemia

Question 19

what might indicate emboli in small peripheral vessels

Answer 19

• gangrene

Question 20

what might indiciate emboli in the brain

Answer 20

• hemiplegia
• atazia
• aphasia
• visual changes
• change in LOC

Question 21

describe drug therapy for infective endocarditis

Answer 21

• depends on the causitive agent for infection = use blood cultures to determine