Class 3 Change Management Flashcards
Transition process from an old state to a new state (Hoffart, 2013) or to give a different position, course or direction
• A natural social process. • Involves individuals, groups, organizations, and
society. • Constant and accelerates at various rates. • Inevitable and unpredictable. • Complexity varies from high to low.
Change
What are two types of change theories
- Linear (planned) change
- Nonlinear (complex) change
What are linear change models (planned)
• Lewin (1951)
• Lippitt et al. (1958)
• Havelock (1973)
• Kotter (1995)
What is Lewin’s 3 step change process
- Unfreeze — aware of need for change, increase facilitators & decrease barriers
- Change — implement new way, period of uncertainty
- Refreeze — new way is adopted
A model of change where… Behaviour in an organization is a balance between two forces
• Driving forces facilitate change
• Restraining forces impede change
Lewin Force Field Model of Change
(1951)
Explain Lewin’s “Force Field Analysis”
Identify barriers & facilitators to change
Facilitators ▫ Opinion leaders endorse the change ▫ Change improves work life
Barriers ▫ Lack of resources ▫ Change makes work more difficult
Force Field Analysis Discussion
What are the barriers & how will you reduce them?
What are the facilitators & how will you increase them?
A change model where
• Seven steps • Emphasized communication & problem solving
Lippitt, Watson, and Westley’s (1958) model
A change model where
• Built on Lewin, created 6 steps
• Emphasized relationship building
Havelock’s (1973) model
• Create a sense of urgency
• Form a coalition of informal leaders
• Communicate the vision
• Empower others to act on the vision
• Celebrate accomplishments
• Incorporate the change into the culture
Kotter (1995)
• A small change in one area can cause a large, unexpected change elsewhere
Chaos Theory
• Large organizations are never stable
Organizations need:
• Effective leadership
• A guiding vision
• Strong organizational beliefs
• Open communication.
Chaos Theory
Organizations & their employees that constantly learn from everything they do.
Five components that support innovation:
▫ Systems thinking
▫ Personal mastery
▫ Mental models
▫ Shared vision
▫ Team learning
Learning Organization Theory (Senge, 1990)
What are Five components that support innovation:
▫ Systems thinking
▫ Personal mastery
▫ Mental models
▫ Shared vision
▫ Team learning
assumes resistance is due to
lack of knowledge.
Use data, statistics and research to encourage change
Rational-empirical strategy
A strategy that used peer pressure and group norms to influence change
Normative-re-educative
A strategy that uses legitimate authority, economic sanctions, political clout, like it or leave
Power-coercive
• Seven steps • Emphasized communication & problem solving
Lippitt, Watson, and Westley’s (1958) Model
Individual’s resistance typically depends on: ??
• Flexibility to change • Evaluation of immediate situation • Anticipated consequences of the change • What they have to lose/gain
love change and thrive on it
Innovators
Receptive to chang
Less radical, early adopter
refer the status quo, but eventually
accepts the change
Early majority
is resistive, accepting change after
most others have
Late manority
Dislike change
Laggards
