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Advanced Health Assessment > Class 5 Genitalia, Anus, Rectum > Flashcards

Class 5 Genitalia, Anus, Rectum Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Anal canal

A

terminal portion of the rectum; lined by columns of mucosal tissue (columns of Morgagni).

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2
Q

Anal fistula

A

inflammatory tract that runs from the anus or rectum and opens onto the surface of the perianal skin or other tissue.

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3
Q

Anal warts

A

infection with the human papilloma virus.

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4
Q

Anorectal fissure

A

a tear in the anal mucosa; appears most often in the posterior midline.

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5
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

benign growth of the prostate gland common in men older than 50 years of age.

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6
Q

Enterobiasis (worms)

A

adult nematode (parasite) lives in the rectum or colon and emerges onto the perianal skin to lay eggs while the person sleeps; common in children.

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7
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins in the rectum that may be external below the anorectal line and/or internal above the anorectal line.

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8
Q

Imperforate anus

A

a congenital defect in which the rectal opening is blocked or missing; one of a variety of anorectal malformations that can occur during fetal development.

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9
Q

Perianal and perirectal abscesses

A

infection of the soft tissues surrounding the anal canal.

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10
Q

Pilonidal cyst

A

a cyst or sinus tract located in the midline superficial to the coccyx and lower sacrum.

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11
Q

Polyp

A

a projecting mass of swollen membrane that may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract; may be malignant or benign.

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12
Q

Prostate gland

A

a gland located at the base of the bladder and surrounding the urethra.

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13
Q

Prostititis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

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14
Q

Pruritus ani

A

itching of the skin around the anus; commonly caused by fungus in adults and parasites in children

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15
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

condition in which the rectal mucosa with or without the muscular wall protrudes through the anal ring

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16
Q

Rectum

A

the terminal portion of the gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

Antibodies

A

important constituent of colostrum in addition to protein and minerals.

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18
Q

Areola

A

pigmented area surrounding the nipple.

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19
Q

Colostrum

A

clear or milky white fluid expressed from breast before milk production.

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20
Q

Cooper ligaments

A

ligaments that support the breast.

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21
Q

Duct ectasia

A

benign condition of the subaroelar ducts that produces nipple discharge.

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22
Q

Fat necrosis

A

benign breast lump occurs as an inflammatory response to local injury.

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23
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

a benign tumor composed of stromal and epithelial elements; related to a hyperplastic or proliferative process in a single terminal ductal unit.

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24
Q

Fibrocystic disease

A

a condition characterized by the benign fluid-filled cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement.

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25
Galactorrhea
lactation not associated with childbearing.
26
Gynecomastia
unexpected enlargement of breast tissue in men.
27
Involution
the interval following termination of lactation when breasts decrease in size.
28
Malignant breast tumor
ductal carcinoma arising from the epithelial lining of ducts.
29
Mammogram
a common radiologic procedure used for breast examination.
30
Mastitis
inflammation and infection of the breast tissue.
31
Montgomery follicles
follicles that are tiny sebaceous glands and may appear in the areola.
32
Nipple
the projection at the apex of the breast on the surface of which the lactiferous ducts open.
33
Paget disease
disease that is a surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma.
34
Papillomas
small tumors of the subareolar ducts.
35
Peau d’orange appearance
a sign indicative of blocked lymph drainage in carcinoma.
36
Premature thelarche
breast enlargement in girls before the onset of puberty.
37
Tail of Spence
area where most malignancies occur in breast tissue.
38
Tanner staging
staging for sexual maturity.
39
Virchow nodes
lymph nodes signaling lymphatic invasion of carcinoma from the abdomen or thorax.
40
Ambiguous genitalia
the newborn’s genitalia are not clearly either male or female.
41
Atrophic vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina due to the thinning and shrinking of tissues, as well as decreased lubrication.
42
Bartholin glands
located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal orifice.
43
Caruncle
a small, bright red growth protruding from the urethral meatus.
44
Chadwick sign
a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs in pregnancy at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation.
45
Clitoris
a small bud of erectile tissue, the homolog of the penis and primary center of sexual excitement.
46
Condyloma acuminatum
warty lesions due to sexually transmitted infection with human papilloma virus
47
Cystocele
hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina.
48
Endometriosis
presence or growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain.
49
Genital herpes
a sexually transmitted infection most commonly caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
50
Hegar sign
softening of the cervix that is a sign of pregnancy, occurring at 6 to 10 weeks’ gestation.
51
Hydrocolpos
distention of the vagina resulting from an accumulation of fluid due to congenital vaginal obstruction.
52
Hymen
a connective tissue membrane that may be circular, crescentic, or fibriated.
53
Infertility
the inability to conceive over a period of 1 year.
54
Inflammation of Bartholin gland
a condition characterized by swelling of the Bartholin gland; commonly, but not always, caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.
55
Menarche
the onset of first menstruation, which usually occurs between 11 and 14 years of age.
56
Mittelschmerz
lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation.
57
Molluscum contagiosum
a viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes.
58
Myomas
common benign uterine tumors.
59
Ovarian cyst
follicle undergoes varying rates of maturation and cyst can occur as a result of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
60
Pelvic inflammatory disease
infection of the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs.
61
Premenstrual syndrome
a collection of physical, psychological, and mood symptoms related to a woman’s menstrual cycle.
62
Rectocele
hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina.
63
Rectouterine pouch
a deep recess formed by the peritoneum between the rectum and cervix (cul-de-sac of Douglas).
64
Salpingitis
inflammation or infection of the fallopian tubes, often associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
65
Skene glands
paraurethral glands.
66
Syphilitic chancre
firm, painless ulcer that is a sign of syphilis. skin lesion associated with primary syphilis.
67
Tubal pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy; pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus.
68
Uterine bleeding
abnormality in menstrual bleeding and inappropriate uterine bleeding.
69
Uterine prolapse
descent or herniation of the uterus into or beyond the vagina.
70
Vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina.
71
Vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissue
72
Adhesions
inflammatory bands that connect opposing serous surfaces.
73
Ambiguous genitalia
the newborns’ genitalia are not clearly either male or female.
74
Balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
75
Chordee
ventral curvature of the penis.
76
Circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce.
77
Condyloma acuminata
caused by human papilloma virus (HPV).
78
Cremasteric
reflex characterized by rising of the scrotum and testicle when the inner thigh is stroked.
79
Cryptorchidism
undescended testes.
80
Glans
conical structure at the distal aspect of the penis.
81
Hernia
protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through some defect in the abdominal wall.
82
Hydrocele
fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis resulting in a nontender, smooth, firm mass.
83
Hypospadias
congenital defect in which the urethral meatus is located on the ventral surface of the glans penile shaft or the base of the penis.
84
Klinefelter
XXY chromosomal anomaly.
85
Lymphogranuloma venereum
sexually transmitted infection of the lymphatic system. Caused by different types of bacteria Chlamydia. Infection is not caused by the same bacteria that cause genital chlamydia
86
Orchitis
acute inflammation of the testis secondary to infection.
87
Paraphimosis
the inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position after it has been retracted behind the glans.
88
Peyronie
disease characterized by a fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum.
89
Phimosis
narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, preventing its being drawn back over the glans.
90
Priapism
prolonged penile erection
91
Spermatocele
cystic swelling on the epididymis.
92
Testicular torsion
rotation producing ischemia of testis.
93
Varicocele
abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins in the spermatic cord.

Advanced Health Assessment (4 decks)

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