Class

Question 1

da Cunha (2009)

Answer 1

• Space not only reflects social inequality but reinforces the advantages and disadvantages associated with class.
  > CS: Brazilian elementary schools had lower grades in maths and portugese in poorer areas
  
  • associated stigma
  • less opportunity

Question 2

Cloke et al (2014)

Answer 2

Class is a social construction - “A collection of people sharing the same economical position, social status and cultural tastes.”

Question 3

Dorling (2013)

Answer 3

> CS: London central line

• widening gaps between rich and poor
• every second of travel = a day off life expectancy when travelling from the west into central London

Question 4

Hamnett and Butler (2011)

Answer 4

• “Health and education outcomes remain systematically worse for poorer groups in socially deprived areas”
• Use of geographies of location to ration access to welfare
  > CS: London Secondary Schools
  
  • Demand exceeds spaces in secondary schools
  • Spaces become advantaged if they are with the catchment areas for schools

Question 5

Lemanski (2006)

Answer 5

“A gated community is separated from its surroundings by a wall or fence, with access control by gates” p398

Question 6

Andersen (2002)

Answer 6

“Negative social, economic and physical factors occur to make them increasingly different to the rest of the city”

Question 7

Warr (2005)

Answer 7

• Minority- “corrodes trust between neighbours, engender social isolation and limit opportunities of integration with other communities”

Question 8

Lombard (2015)

Answer 8

• Marginalisation can be compounded and confirmed

- Importance of space - action is required other changes become stronger and more defined

Question 9

Melbourne (2010)

Answer 9

• Poverty has complexities in its definition
  
  • Must consider in comparison to the rest of the nation/wider society
• poverty has strong links with place and space
• marginalised areas is an example of segregation and limits due to space