Class 6

Question 1

Define Work System Design

Answer 1

specifying the content and methods of jobs. focuses on what will be done and how. Includes:job design, methods and motion analysis, work measurement, compensation

Question 2

Define Job Design

Answer 2

the content of the job

Question 3

Define Efficiency school

Answer 3

systematic, logical approach, focused on labour cost reductions

Question 4

Define Behavioural school

Answer 4

emphasized satisfaction of worker’s wants and needs

Question 5

Define Methods and motion analysis

Answer 5

How a job is (or should be) performed

Question 6

Define Work Measurement

Answer 6

The process of determining how long it should take to do a job

Question 7

Define Specialization

Answer 7

The design and development of jobs with a very narrow scope

Question 8

Define Job Enlargement

Answer 8

Assigning worker a larger portion of the total task

Question 9

Define Job Rotation

Answer 9

Having workers periodically exchange jobs

Question 10

Define Job Enrichment

Answer 10

An increase in the level of responsibility for planning and coordination

Question 11

Define Work Team

Answer 11

increasing authority, responsibility and trust of workers

Question 12

Define Methods analysis

Answer 12

Analyzing how a job gets done, in order to make the job more efficient

Question 13

Define process chart

Answer 13

A chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on the movements of the operator or the flow of materials

Question 14

Define Worker-machine chart

Answer 14

A chart used to determine the portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle

Question 15

Define Motion study

Answer 15

The systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation

Question 16

Define Principles of motion economy

Answer 16

Guidelines for designing motion-effective work procedures

a) Principles for use of the body
b) Principles for arrangements of the workplace
c) Principles for the design of tools and equipment

Question 17

Define Therblig

Answer 17

Basic elementary motions that make up a job

Question 18

Define Simo Chart

Answer 18

A chart that shows the elementary motions performed by each hand, side-by-side, over time

Question 19

Define Work Measurement

Answer 19

The process of determining how long it should take to do a job

Question 20

Define Stopwatch time study

Answer 20

An approach used to develop a standard time for a job based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles

Question 21

Define Observed Time (OT)

Answer 21

The average of recorded time

OT=∑xi/n

Question 22

Define Normal Time (NT)

Answer 22

The average observed time adjusted for the workers performance
NT=OT x PR
-PR=Performance Rating

Question 23

Define Standard Time (ST)

Answer 23

Normal time adjusted for factors such as personal needs, unavoidable delays, adjustments and repairs, waiting for materials, talking to a supervisor, rest breaks, etc
ST=NT x AF
-AF=Allowance Factor

Question 24

Define allowance factor

Answer 24

Can be based on either job time or time worked

Question 25

Define Location break-even analysis

Answer 25

Identifies the least (fixed and variable) cost location choice based on quantity to be produced

Question 26

Define Factor rating

Answer 26

A general approach to evaluating locations that includes quantitative and qualitative factors

Question 27

Define Center of gravity method

Answer 27

A method to determine the location of a distribution center that will minimize total distribution cost.It treats distribution cost as a linear function of the distance and the quantity shipped

Question 28

What is the equation for Observed Time?

Answer 28

OT=∑xi/n

Question 29

What is the equation for Normal Time?

Answer 29

NT=OT x PR

Question 30

What is the equation for Standard Time?

Answer 30

ST=NT x AF

Question 31

What is the equation for Allowance Factor?

Answer 31

AFjob=1+Ajob | AFday=1/(1-Aday)

Question 32

What is the equation for Number of Cycles?

Answer 32

For a given accuracy -N=2(zs/amX) For a given target maximum error -N=2(zs/e)

Question 33

What is the equation for center of gravity

Answer 33

mX=∑xiQi/∑Qi | mY=∑yiQi/∑Qi

Question 34

List the 4 activities in work system design

Answer 34

1) job design 2) Methods and motion analysis 3) work measurement 4) compensation

Question 35

List the 2 schools of thought in job design

Answer 35

1) Efficiency school | 2) Behavioural school

Question 36

List the Strengths and Weaknesses of Specialization

Answer 36

Strengths - high productivity with low unit cost, and largely responsible for high standard of living in industrailized nations Weaknesses-monotonous, a source of much worker dissatisfaction

Question 37

List the approaches used to improve the quality of work life

Answer 37

- leave the job as is, but employ only people who like a rigid environment and/or routine work - leave the job as is, but pay the employees more - mechanize and automate the routine jobs - redesign the job

Question 38

List the Objectives of motion study and the Techniques used

Answer 38

Objectives - eliminate unnecessary motions - determine the best pattern and sequence of motions - combine activities - reduce fatigue - improve arrangement of the workplace - improve design of tools and equipment Techniques - Analysis of elemental motions (Therbligs - Micromotion study - Simultaneous hand motion (Simo) chart

Question 39

List the 3 Major classes of motion economy principles

Answer 39

1) principles for use of the body 2) principles for arrangements of the workplace 3) principles for the design of tools and equipment

Question 40

List the 4 steps involved in completing a stopwatch time study

Answer 40

1) Define the task to be studied 2) Determine the number of cycles to observe 3) Time the job 4) Compute the standard time

Question 41

List 3 reasons why a location decision is important

Answer 41

1) Infrequent decision 2) Long term commitments and costs 3) Significant impact

Question 42

List 3 reasons to locate/relocate

Answer 42

1) Expand capacity 2) Defensive (to protect market share) 3) Decrease costs and improve access to raw materials, power, water, infrastructure, workforce, suppliers, distribution, supply chain partners, and markets

Question 43

List the 6 steps involved in making a location decision

Answer 43

1) Decide on the criteria 2) Develop location alternatives 3) Evaluate the alternatives against the criteria 4) make selection 5) Sanity check 6) Prepare business case to explain and justify the selection

Question 44

Calculation question

Answer 44

last pages of lecture 6