Class and drugs

Question 1

Beta-Blocker

beta-adrenergic blocker

Answer 1

-olol (metoprolol)

Question 2

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic = reduced sympathetic outflow = decrease in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure

Answer 2

Clonidine

Question 3

Vasodilator

direct VASODILATION OF ARTERIES = lowered blood pressure

Answer 3

Hydralazine

Question 4

Venodilator

forms nitric oxide = activate guanylate cyclase = increase cGMP = VASODILATION ON VEINS

Answer 4

Nitroglycerin

Question 5

Antianginal

reduces intracellular sodium concentration = reduces calcium influx = reduces ventricular tension and myocardial oxygen consumption

Answer 5

Ranolazine

Question 6

ARB/Neprilysin inhibitor

Angiotensin II blocker = vasodilation
Inhibits neprilysin –> decrease breakdown of peptides = vasodilation

Answer 6

Sacubitril/Valsartan

Question 7

Cardiac Glycoside

Atrial fibrillation: suppression of AV node conduction = increase refractory period and decrease conduction velocity

Heart failure: inhibition of sodium/potassium ATPase pump = increase of intracellular sodium which promotes calcium influx = increased contraction force

Answer 7

Digoxin

Question 8

Class III Antiarrythmic

inhibits adrenergic stimulation and prolongs the action potential and refractory period

Answer 8

Amiodarone

Question 9

P2Y12 Inhibitor

irreversibly and directly blocks ADP from binding

Answer 9

Clopidogrel, Prasugrel

Question 10

P2Y12 Inhibitor

reversible and allosterically changes ADP receptor so ADP can’t bind

Answer 10

Ticagrelor

Question 11

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor

inhibits uptake of adenosine = inhibits platelet aggregation; irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase = inhibits (TXA2) formation

Answer 11

Dipyridamole/Acetylsalicylic Acid

Question 12

Factor XA-Inhibitor

inhibition of factor Xa = decrease conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 12

-XABAN (Apixaban, Rivaroxaban)

Question 13

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

competitive, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor = blocks thrombin from converting fibrinogen into fibrin

Answer 13

Dabigatron

Question 14

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

makes antithrombin stronger = decreased conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 14

Enoxaparin

Question 15

Vitamin K Antagonist

Prevents conversion of vitamin K to active form = impairs formation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C & S (body’s natural coagulants)

Answer 15

Warfarin

Question 16

Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP-4) Inhibitor

blocks DPP-4 from inactivating GLP-1 = stimulates insulin secretion/suppresses glucagon secretion

Answer 16

-GLIPTIN (Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin)

Question 17

Sulfonylureas

increases insulin secretion from pancreatic B-cells

Answer 17

Glipizide, Glimepiride

Question 18

Biguanide

decreases blood glucose (liver – decrease glucose production, intestine – increase glucose metabolism/decrease glucose absorption, muscle – increases conversion of glucose to glucagon)

Answer 18

Metformin

Question 19

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

increases glucose uptake in muscles

Answer 19

Pioglitazone

Question 20

Meglitinide

stimulates insulin release from pancreas

Answer 20

Repaglinide

Question 21

Glucagon-like peptide-I (GLP-I) receptor agonists

increases insulin release and decreases hepatic glucose output, gastric emptying, suppresses appetite

Answer 21

-GLUTIDE (Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide, Semaglutide)

Question 22

Sodium-Glucose-CoTransport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules = reduced absorption of glucose from tubular lumen

Answer 22

-GLIFLOZIN (Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin)

Question 23

Insulin

Answer 23

Insulin Degludec, Insulin glargine

Question 24

Bisphosphonates

inhibits osteoclast activity = decrease in bone breakdown & increases bone mineral density

Answer 24

Alendronate

Question 25

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) increase estrogen = decrease bone reabsorption/turnover & increases bone mineral density

Answer 25

Raloxifene

Question 26

Synthetic Thyroxine T4 converted to T3 = activation or repression of specific genes

Answer 26

Levothyroxine

Question 27

Desiccated Thyroid naturally derived thyroid replacement contains T4 and T3

Answer 27

Armour Thyroid

Question 28

Antithyroid Agent inhibits release of thyroid hormones = inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones

Answer 28

Potassium Iodide

Question 29

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) irreversibly blocking the hydrogen/potassium ATPase (gastric proton pump)

Answer 29

-PRAZOLE (Omeprazole, Pantoprazole)

Question 30

Histamine Type 2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RA) blocks histamine at H2 receptor on parietal cell

Answer 30

Famotidine

Question 31

Mucosal Protectant forms a viscous paste adhesive that acts locally to protect gastric lining

Answer 31

Sucralfate

Question 32

Antiemetics Phenothiazine class -- inhibits dopamine, histamine, and muscarinic (parasympathetic) activity

Answer 32

Promethazine, Prochlorperazine

Question 33

Antiemetic inhibits dopamine = enhances response to acetylcholine in upper GI tract and blocks signals to trigger vomiting

Answer 33

Metoclopramide

Question 34

Antiemetic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist = block serotonin

Answer 34

Ondansetron

Question 35

Anti-Diarrheal works on mu and delta receptors in the gut/reduce abuse potential

Answer 35

Diphenoxylate/atropine

Question 36

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) anticholinergic -- blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscles

Answer 36

Dicyclomine

Question 37

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) increases cGMP = increase Cl secretion = increase intestinal fluid & GI transit is accelerated

Answer 37

Linaclotide

Question 38

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Cl channel activator = increases intestinal fluid & increases poop transit

Answer 38

Lubiprostone

Question 39

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerases

Answer 39

Rifaximin

Question 40

Constipation osmotic agent = pulls water into stool

Answer 40

Polyethylene glycol