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Zoology Lecture Unit 4 > Class Aves > Flashcards

Class Aves Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Aves

Primary skeletal tissue?

A

Bone

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2
Q

Aves
How many chambers in their hearts?
What is the purpose of the chambers?

A

4 chambers
Keep O2-rich blood from O2-poor blood

Adaptation for flight

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3
Q

Aves

How do they regulate body temperature?

A

Endothermically

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4
Q

Aves

Very ___ metabolic rate

A

High

To keep up with the oxygen and energy demand for flight

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5
Q

Aves

What 4 dermal structures do they have?

A

Scales on feet, claws on feet, beak, feathers

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6
Q

Aves

Synapomorphy

A

Feathers

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7
Q

Aves

Respiratory structure

A

Lungs

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8
Q

Aves

Fertilization type?

A

Internal fertilization

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9
Q

Aves

Oviparous

A

Egg laying

Flight adaptation to reduce weight

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10
Q

Aves

3 types of feathers?

A

Filoplume
Down
Contour

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11
Q

Aves

Down feather purpose?

A

Insulation

First feather in theory

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12
Q

Aves

Contour feather purpose?

A

Flight forces

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13
Q

Aves

Filoplume feather purpose?

A

Perceive air currents

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14
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

2 Bone features?

A

Gas filled and strutted

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15
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Bone gas and strut purpose?

A

Gas is lighter

Strut to increase strength

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16
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Toothless purpose?

A

Lighter

Decreases forces require for flight

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17
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Ribcage type and process name?
Purpose?

A

Fused rib cage w/ uncinate processes

Resist forces created by flight muscles

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18
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

What vertebrae are fused into synsacrum?

A

Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

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19
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

Purpose of synsacrum?

A

Maintains streamlined body

Reduces drag

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20
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
What are caudal vertebrae fused into?
Purpose?

A

Pygostyle

Works as a single unit to increase air-borne braking capability

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21
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Sternum type?
Purpose?

A

Keeled sternum

Increased surface area for flight muscle attachment

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22
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight

What are the clavicles fused with?

A

Furcula

Helps replace shoulder into pre-flap position

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23
Q

Aves Skeleton Adapted for Flight
Carpals are fused into?
Purpose?

A

Carpometacarpus

Resist forces created by feathers at distal part of wing

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24
Q

Aves Muscles

Pectoralis function

A

Wing down and forward

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25
Aves Muscles | Supracoracoideus
Wing up and back
26
Aves Muscles | Pectoralis and supracoracoideus are ___ pairs
Antagonistic
27
Aves Muscles | Lift > gravity
Up
28
Aves Muscles | Thrust > drag
Forward
29
Fluid media at high velocities exert ___ pressure
Less
30
Aves Digestive Tract Path
Mouth -> crop -> proventriculus -> gizzard -> duodenum -> small intestine -> large intestine -> cloaca
31
Aves Digestive Tract | Crop purpose?
Food storage | "Eat and run"
32
Aves Digestive Tract | Proventriculus purpose?
Glandular | Specialized to increase efficiency
33
Aves Digestive Tract | Gizzard purpose?
Muscular grinding specialization to increase efficiency
34
Aves Digestive Tract | Duodoenum purpose?
Transition food from acidic to basic
35
Aves Digestive Tract | Cloaca purpose?
Receive digestive products, reproductive products, excretory products
36
Aves Circulatory System | 4 Chambered heart purpose?
Keep high O2 blood and low O2 blood separate
37
Aves Respiratory System | 1 respiratory cycle =
2 Inhales and 2 Exhales
38
Aves Respiratory System | Modified respiratory cycle purpose?
Provides fresh, high quality air to lungs to prevent residual air
39
Aves Respiratory System | Path?
External naris -> posterior opening of air passage -> glottis -> trachea -> abdominal air sacs -> lungs -> thoracic air sacs -> trachea -> glottis -> posterior opening of air passage - > external naris
40
Aves Excretory System | What waste product does it produce?
Uric acid
41
Aves Excretory System | Why does it produce Uric acid?
``` Less water needed Reduces weight ( and forces needed for flight) ```
42
Aves Reproduction System | Lays eggs
Oviparous
43
Aves Excretory System | 3 mating systems
Monogamous Polygamous Polyandrous
44
Aves Excretory System | Monogamous definition
1 male + 1 female | Only partner for each
45
Aves Excretory System | Polygamous definition
1 male + many females | Many mates
46
Aves Excretory System | Polyandrous definition
1 female + many males | Many mates
47
Aves Development | Altricial
Ugly, naked, flightless (non-motile), blind
48
Aves Development | Precocial
Fluffy, cute, motile, aware
49
Aves Senses | Olfaction
Very well developed in vultures
50
Aves Senses | Vision
Very well developed
51
Aves Senses | Diurnal meaning?
Colovision | Cones dominate retina
52
Aves Senses | Cones in retina are sensitive to ___
Color
53
Aves Senses | Rods in retina are sensitive to __
Light
54
Aves Senses | Nocturnal meeting?
non-colorvision | Rods dominate retina
55
Aves Senses | Eyes on the side of the head =
Avoid predators
56
Aves Senses | Eyes on the front of head =
Depth perception is important
57
Aves Senses | Do they have pinnae?
No Hearing is very well developed
58
Aves Senses | Hearing
Very well developed
59
Aves Migration | Migration purpose
Follow the food
60
Aves Migration | Navigation types?
Location-based | Route-based
61
Aves Migration | Location-based navigation definition?
Based on current location and desired location Uses celestial bodies: sun, moon, stars Earth's magnetic field: use for latitudes
62
Aves Migration | Route-based navigation definition?
Based on landmarks

Zoology Lecture Unit 4 (5 decks)

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