Class differences- external factors

Question 1

Bernstien’s speech codes

Answer 1

The elaborated code and restricted code

Question 2

Feinstein- middle class parents

Answer 2

Middle class parents tend to be better educated, meaning they socialise children to be more positive towards education

Question 3

Sugarman

Answer 3

working class have 4 main beliefs that act as a barrier to educational success. They are- Fatalism, collectivism, Immediate gratification and Present time Orientation

Question 4

Douglas

Answer 4

Working class parents place less value on education

Question 5

Keddie

Answer 5

underachievement is not due to having a culturally deprived background as children are not culturally deprived, they are culturally different

Question 6

Blackstone and Mortimore

Answer 6

criticise the idea that working class parents do not care about their child’s education

Question 7

Howard

Answer 7

young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition means weaker immune system, leading to illness and absence from school.

Question 8

Tanner

Answer 8

The cost of transport, books, computers, calculators and sports equipment places a heavy burden on poor families.

Question 8

Flaherty

Answer 8

the fear of stigmatisation is one of the main reasons why only 20% of children entitled to free school meals actually take them up

Question 9

Callendar and Jackson

Answer 9

working class students are more debt adverse. they see it as something negative and something to avoid, meaning they see more costs than benefits in going to University

Question 9

Feinstien- income levels

Answer 9

despite income levels, those parents who are better educated make a better educated make a positive contribution to a child’s achievement

Question 10

Bourdeiu

Answer 10

Both cultural and material factors contribute to educational achievement and are separated but interrelated

Question 11

Bernstein- socialisation

Answer 11

Through socialisation, middle class children acquire the ability to grasp, analyse and express abstract idea, giving them an advantage at school.

Question 12

Bourdieu- capital

Answer 12

argues educational, cultural and economic capital can be converted into one and other.

Question 13

Sullivan- survey

Answer 13

conducted a survey with 465 pupils in 4 schools asking them questions about reading and Tv viewing. Those who watched serious TV documentaries and read complex fiction had a greater knowledge of cultural figures and the pupils with the greatest cultural capital were children of graduates and were more likely to do well at GCSE’s

Question 14

Sullivan- cultural capital

Answer 14

Found that cultural capital only accounted for part of class differences in achievement. When children had the same cultural capital but where in different social classes, middle class pupils still did better