CLASS: Oct 31, 2018--COMPLETE

Question 1

REVIEW QUESTIONS:

How can we describe the baroque period, generally and musically?

Answer 1

Get from notes or other lecture

Question 2

REVIEW QUESTIONS:

What are the key baroque “buzz words”?

Answer 2

Get help, lecture got cut off

Question 3

Learning Objectives: BTEOTCYWBAT…

Define the first/second practice and explain their relationship to baroques aesthetics.

Question 4

Learning Objectives: BTEOTCYWBAT…

Define monody

Question 5

The “Second Practice”

• What does Artusi think about dissonance and consonance and composers that use dissonance? (p. 145)

Answer 5

Artusi uses strong language. “Nothing but smoke in their heads.” He didn’t like it. Artusi took it as a personal insult. Like he is the guardian of proper counterpoint. Didn’t like change. “Kids these days are always doing newfangled things. Stick with tradition!” Contrast to Schoenberg who said in the 20th century that there is no such thing as a consonant and dissonant. There is only tones.

*Conversation happen years apart from each other. Artusi publishes it in 1600. Monteverdi publishes the MAdrigal that Artusi points all the problems out (from the manuscript) years later 1605. “I don’t care if you think its a bad idea, I’m going to publish it anyway.” Took them a long time to respond to each other.

Question 6

The “Second Practice”

• How does Monteverdi (via his brother Giulio) respond?

“What does Artusi think about dissonance and consonance and composers that use dissonance? (p. 145)”

Answer 6

He defends himself. He said that he did it with intention. Not just breaking the rules. To make the TEXT more important.

RENAISSANCE- MUSIC is most important and rules the text. The text served the music.

17th CENTURY MADRIGALS- TEXT is most important. The music can do anything as long as it serves the text.

Question 7

The “Second Practice”

• Define the “first practice” and the “second practice”.

Answer 7

Prima Pratica

The MUSIC rules the TEXT and dictates what the TEXT can do

Secunda Pratica

The TEXT rules the MUSIC and dictates what the MUSIC can do

Monteverdi doesn’t say “Down with the old style!”, he says its valid, you just have to consider it the first style, Prima Practica. As long as you follow the rules of each style. What I’m doing is rooted in the generations before me, I am just carrying on what they did before me.

Question 8

Composers of the first style

Answer 8

• Josquin
• Ockeghem
• See Reading for other names

Question 9

Composers of the second style

Answer 9

• Monteverdi
• Rore
• Marenzio
• Gesualdo
• Madrigal Composers

Question 10

Monteverdi’s Musical Taxonomy

What does it show?

Answer 10

How he was thinking about composing and organizing music

Praetorius Encycopedium

Question 11

How does Monteverdi categorize music?

Answer 11

From Vespers (1610)

1. Affect (mood to inspire in the listener)
   
   • Stir the listener in a certain way
     
     • RELAXED AFFECT: That moves the listener to be relaxed
     • MODERATE AFFECT: If the listener is calm, will help excite you
     • EXCITED AFFECT
   • Affect is huge in the Baroque period. Music is not supposed to just sound pleasing, it is supposed to move your heart mind and soul in particular ways.
2. Function or venue
   
   • Church
   • Chamber music (not smaller ensemble, but music played at COURT. Dinner music, entertaining during meals.
   • Theater (To entertain the theater)
   • Dance (after court while everyone is dancing)

Monteverdi doesn’t tell us how these two interact with each other. (i.e. “In church you should always have music of a relaxed affect… etc)

Question 12

NAWM 71

Answer 12

• The things pointed out won’t seem like a big deal to us
  
  • Little madrigalisms … same thing here
• Artusi attacks this before this appears in print. Published in 1605 but it was in circulation in manuscript in 1590s.
• Pastoral Text
  
  • TOPIC- Landscapes, rural lifestyle, shepherds, animals and nature
  • First four lines talk about how beautiful she is. Last four about how cunning and witty, snakelike she is.

Question 13

NAWM 71

Answer 13

Question 14

NAWM 71

Answer 14

Question 15

NAWM 71

Answer 15

Question 16

There is a large focus on the ____. It rules the music in this repertoire.

Answer 16

TEXT

Question 17

Monody

People talk about it as a TEXTURE and as a GENRE

Defined as: _____

Answer 17

Monody

People talk about it as a TEXTURE and as a GENRE

Defined as: a SOLO VOICE accompanied by a BASSO CONTINUO

*If you are playing a sonata and are playing one solo line accompanied by a piano, that is monody as a texture. Solo + Accompaniment.

New texture in the Baroque period.

Question 18

Basso continuo can be one player or _______.

Answer 18

Basso continuo can be one player or multiple players.

Question 19

mimesis

Answer 19

Mimicking real life

Monody relates to mimesis

The TEXT is of the perspective of one person.

There are 5 singers. It’s more realistic to be sung by one person.

Monteverdi does set to a single voice

Question 20

Le nuove musiche “the new music”

Answer 20

Baroque Basics

• Book of arias (strophic) and madrigals (through-composed)
  
  • Italian pieces, all pieces of monod (solo + basso continuo) All monody, All Italian. “It’s a book of monody” (using Monody as a GENRE). “It’s a Monodic Madrigal” (using Monody as a TEXTURE)
• Earliest printed figured bass/ continuo part
• Lengthy preface on performance practice (How to perform the piece)
  
  • Systematic survey of embellishment techniques
    
    • Focus on decoration of Baroque Period. Caccini tries to control what the singers are doing.
  • Describes how music should move the affects (not just be entertaining, but move your soul)
• Cites the use of rhetorical gestures
  
  • All composers up to this point would have been well versed in rhetoric. Caccini talks about applying rhetorical strategies and gestures to music. (repeating small texts)
• Mentions mimetic music (sighs, weeping)
  
  • Wordless expressions you make

Question 21

Giulio Caccini (1550-1618)

Answer 21

Wrote: Le nuove musiche “the new music”

Scientists are pushing the limits and thinking of new things. We see it in Caccini’s print for musicians. Composers were racing to be the first to publish Monody. Caccini won. He was the first printed monody, but he was one among many in a fierce competition..

Question 22

Giulio Caccini, Vedrò ‘l mio sol

Answer 22

• Solo Madrigal (Monodic texture)
  
  • Connected to Le nuove musiche
• Figured bass/basso continuo
  
  • (could be performed by one or more instruments)
  • Just because you see one bass line doesn’t mean it’s just a cello.
• Vocal Line:
  
  • Caccini writes out simple melody in the beginning
  • many opportunities for emotional expression and virtuosic fireworks

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25